The earth on which we live is shaped like a ball.英译汉

听力原文：M: So, what is your biology project about？

W: It is about microorganisms that live by chemosynthesis.

M: Err...what's chemosynthesis？

W: Well, it's pretty complicated. You know how most life on Earth depends either directly or indirectly on sunlight？

M: You mean like plants get energy directly from sunlight, and animals eat plants, so they depend indirectly on sunlight？

W: Right. But down on the ocean floor, there is no sunlight. In some places though, there are hydrothermal vents, which are small cracks on the ocean floor. And these vents release heat and minerals from the inside of the Earth into the seawater. And all along the vents there are these unusual microorganisms. They are called archaean. And these archaean use chemical reactions to get their energy from the minerals. The minerals that are released by the vents. So their energy comes from chemical reactions, not sunlight.

M: So chemosynthesis is getting their energy from chemicals？

W: That's right.

M: That makes archaean very different from other forms of life.

W: And their genetic makeup is very different, too. They are one sort of organisms just like bacteria are, but genetically they are as different from bacteria as we humans are.

M: Wah, that's a really interesting project.

(23)

A．How hydrothermal vents are formed.

B．How living things get energy from sunlight.

C．The harmful effects of certain chemicals in the ocean.

D．Microorganisms that get energy from chemical reactions.

听力原文：M: What is your biology project about？

W: It is about microorganisms that microorganisms that live by Chemosynthesis.

M: Ehm what's Chemosynthesis？

W: Well, it's pretty complicated. You know how most life on Earth depends either directly or indirectly on sunlight？

M: You mean like plants get energy directly from sunlight, and animals eat plants, so they depend indirectly on sunlight？

W: Right. But down on the ocean floor, there is no sunlight. In some places though, there are hydrothermal vents, which are small cracks on the sea floor. And these vents release heat and minerals from the inside of the Earth into the seawater. And all around the vents there are these unusual microorganisms. They are called archaea. And these archaea use chemical reactions to get their energy from the minerals, the minerals that are released by the vents. So their energy comes from chemical reactions, not sunlight.

M: So ehemosynthesis is getting energy from chemicals？

W: That is right.

M: That makes archaea very different from other forms of life.

W: And their genetic makeup is very different too. They are one sort of organisms just like bacteria are, but genetically they are as different from bacteria as we humans are.

M: Waa, that's a really interesting project.

What is the woman's project mainly about？

A．How hydrothermal vents are formed.

B．How living things get energy from sunlight.

C．The harmful effects of certain chemicals in the ocean.

D．Microorganisms that get energy from chemical reactions.

听力原文：M: So, what is your biology project about？

W: It is about microorganisms that…en, microorganisms that live by Chemosynthesis.

M: Ehm…what’s Chemosynthesis？

W: Well, it’s pretty complicated. You know how most life on Earth depends either directly or indirectly on sunlight？

M: You mean like plants get energy directly from sunlight, and animals eat plants, so they depend indirectly on sunlight？

W: Right. But down on the ocean floor, there is no sunlight. In some places though, there are hydrothermal vents, which are small cracks on the sea floor. And these vents release heat and minerals from the inside of the Earth into the seawater. And all along the vents there are these unusual microorganisms. They are called archaean. And these archaean use chemical reactions to get their energy from the minerals, the minerals that are released by the vents. So their energy comes from chemical reactions, not sunlight.

M: So chemosynthesis is getting their energy from chemicals？

W: That is right.

M: That makes archaean very different from other forms of life.

W: And their genetic makeup is very different too. They are one sort of organisms just like bacteria are, but genetically they are as different from bacteria as we humans are.

M: Waa, that’s a really interesting project.

(35)

A．How hydrothermal vents are formed.

B．How living things get energy from sunlight

C．The harmful effects of certain chemicals in the ocean.

D．Microorganisms that get energy from chemical reactions.

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.

听力原文：W: Your sister Jane didn't recognize me at first.

M: I'm not surprised. Why on earth don't you lose some weight？

Q: What does the man suggest the woman do？

(12)

A．Talk to his sister.

B．Look at a map.

C．Go on a diet.

D．Tell the man why.

听力原文：M: Hello. This is Greg Rice reporting live in Barrow, Alaska.

W: Hello, Greg. Is everything going smoothly？

M: Yes. I've just arrived here in Barrow, Alaska, to bring you live coverage of what appears to be the results of a huge meteorite impact, perhaps the largest in recent history, that occurred just twelve hours ago. The exact location of the impact is unknown, but estimates put it about 20 kilometers south of Barrow based on shock waves felt throughout the region.

W: Are there any witnesses？

M: Yeah. Some witnesses say they saw a bright light streaking through the sky, accompanied by a roaring boom, moments before the impact. It's unknown whether there are any casualties, but it is unlikely considering this sparsely populated area.

W: It's said that such impacts were commonplace during the formation of our solar system, and many believe that a meteorite 10 kilometers in diameter which crashed into Earth 65 million years ago led to the mass extinction of many animal species including the dinosaurs.

M: You're right. But it is often difficult to calculate the number of such large impacts on Earth because erosion and vegetation make it difficult to spot them. In recent years, astronomers have focused more of their attention on the paths of many uncharted space rocks or asteroids floating out there in the hope that we might be able to determine the threat they pose on mankind...This is Greg Rice reporting from Alaska.

W: Thanks, Greg...We'll keep you up-to-date on any development there.

(23)

A．An alien spacecraft landing.

B．The impact of a meteorite.

C．A volcanic eruption.

D．The blizzard conditions in Alaska.

The atmosphere that originally surrounded Earth was probably much different from

the air we breathe today. Earth's first atmosphere (some 4.6 billion years ago) was most

likely hydrogen and helium--the two most abundant gasses found in the universe--as

well as hydrogen compounds, such as methane and ammonia, Most scientists feel that

5 this early atmosphere escaped into space from the Earth's hot surface.

A second, more dense atmosphere, however, gradually enveloped Earth as gasses

from molten rocks within its hot interior escaped through volcanoes and steam vents.

We assume that volcanoes spewed out the same gasses then as they do today: mostly

water vapor (about 80 percent), carbon dioxide (about ten percent), and up to a few

10 percent nitrogen. These same gasses probably created Earth's second atmosphere.

As millions of years passed, the constant outpouring of gasses from the hot

interior--known as outgassing--provided a rich supply of water vapor, which formed

into clouds. Rain fell upon Earth for many thousands or years, forming the rivers,

lakes, and oceans of the world. During this Lime, large amounts of carbon dioxide were

15 dissolved in the oceans. Through chemical and biological processes, much of the carbon

dioxide became locked up in carbon sedimentary rocks, such as limestone. With much

of the water vapor already condensed into water and the concentration of carbon dioxide

dwindling, the atmosphere gradually became rich nitrogen.

It appears that oxygen, the second most abundant gas in today's atmosphere, probably

20 began an extremely slow increase in concentration as energetic rays from the sun split

water vapor into hydrogen and oxygen during a process called photodissociation. The

hydrogen, being lighter, probably rose and escaped into space, while the oxygen remained

in the atmosphere.

This slow increase in oxygen may have provided enough of this gas for primitive

25 plants to evolve, perhaps two to three billion years ago. Or the plants may have evolved

in an almost oxygen-free (anaerobic) environment. At any rate, plant growth greatly

enriched our atmosphere with oxygen. The reason for this enrichment is that plants, in

the presence of sunlight, process carbon dioxide and water to produce oxygen.

What is the main idea of the passage？

A．The original atmosphere on Earth was unstable.

B．The atmosphere on Earth has changed over time.

C．Hot underground gasses created clouds, which formed the Earth's atmosphere.

D．Plant growth depended on oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere.

听力原文：W: Wow, what a beautiful sunset.

M: Enjoy it while it lasts. The sun won't be around forever, you know.

W: You mean one day the sun will disappear？

M: Not exactly disappear, but the sun will eventually burn out and die.

W: Won't that make things really cold down here？

M: Actually, there won't be any here. When the sun dies, the earth will be destroyed too.

W: Whoa, hold on. Start from the beginning.

M: Ok. Like all stars the sun is basically a giant nuclear reactor that burns hydrogen to create energy. But like any reactor, the sun needs fuel to keep going. It's been going strong for around 4. 5 billion years, and will probably keep burning for about five billion more.

W: But then the fuel will run out.

M: Exactly. And when it does, gravity will cause the sun's core to contract. When it contracts, the core will get hotter, which will heat up the sun's upper layers and make them expand. The sun will then become what's called a red giant, and its radius will reach just past the orbit of Venus.

W: Which is bad for us.

M: We'll be burned to a crisp.

W: Sounds painful.

M: After a few billion years, the core will begin to cool and expand. The sun's upper layers will expand and lose material, and eventually the core will cool enough to become a white dwarf star, and finally a black dwarf.

W: So we're pretty much doomed.

M: Yes, but not for billions of years. Who knows？ By then humans might be living on another planet. Or we'll have been enslaved by a bunch of dirty apes!

W: I think someone's been watching too much cable TV.

(23)

A．Late in the afternoon.

B．Early in the morning.

C．At midnight.

D．At noon.

听力原文：W: Everyone seems to be talking about climate change these days!

M: I'm not surprised. It's all these greenhouse gases--that's what's causing the problem!

W: What are the greenhouse gases？

M: You know, carbon dioxide, which comes mainly from the burning of fossil fuels, such as oil, gas and coal.

W: I've never understood why that's a problem.

M: Evidently these gases build up in the earth's atmosphere, and trap the heat from the sun.

W: And so this heat is warming the planet？

M: Exactly!

W: Well, isn't that good news？ I hate these cold winters we get!

M: Yes. But what's good for you here may not be so good for people elsewhere in the world. For the average world temperatures could rise. That can have a huge effect on local climates and ecosystems around the world,

W: So you really think that these floods we've seen m the news could be caused by global warming？

M: Sure! And also the droughts and the storms.

W: So what can we do about it？

M: It's not realistic to stop using fossil fuels today. But we can start trying to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

W: And look for alternative sources of energy too, of course!

(1)

A．Droughts.

B．Floods.

C．Fossil fuels.

D．Global warming.

A.that; which

B.which; that

C.which; which

D.that; that

The teacher told us the fact _______.

A. which the earth moves around the sun

B. that the earth moved around the sun

C. that the sun moves around the earth

D. that the earth moves around the sun