accelerated tests

根据下列文章,请回答 41～45 题。

High Stress May Damage Memory

A ccording to a report issued in May 1998，elderly people who have consistency high blood levels of cortisol(皮质醇)don’t score as well on memory tests as their peers with lower levels of the stress hormone．What’s more．high levels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus(海马区)，a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory．

The findings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal，“healthy” range can actually accelerate brain aging．

The study results” now provide substantial evidence that long—term exposure to adrenal(肾上腺的)stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans。”write Nada Porter and Philip Land field．Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress by the adrenal glands(腺)，which sit on top of the kidneys(肾)．

Over a 5-to 6-year period，Dr．Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured 24-hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers，most of whom were in their 70s．

The researchers tested the volunteers’memory on six people in the increasin9/high category and five people in the decreasing/moderate group．The groups did not differ in tests of immediate memory，but the increasing/high cortisol group had other memory problems compared with those in the decreasing/moderate group．

The researchers also found that the total volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing/high group was 14%lower than those in the decreasing/moderate group，although there were no differences in other brain regions．

The results suggest that“…brain aging can be accelerated by levels of adrenal hormones that are not generally regarded as pathological(病态的)and that variation within this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging，”write Porter and Land field．“This further suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening of{he hippocampus．”

第 41 题 Which of the following plays a key role in one’s learning and memory？

A．The kidneys．

B．The adrenal glands．

C．The stress hormone．

D．The hippocampus．

ers, parents and children can begin to assimilate. Speedy results are seen as politically necessary. When new approaches are not successful immediately, they are abandoned in favor of even newer ones. //

In repeated and accelerated cycles of change it is the children who suffer. Hurried through the school day and through the grade levels, they are left with little time to reflect on what they are learning or where their lives are beaded. Our schools tend to be fact factories, cramming more into every minute of every hour of every day. There always seems to be more curriculum to cover and more tests to take—but never any time added to the day. Children and teachers are left gasping for air. //

We must stop hurrying children and give them adequate time for learning. We need more clarity, more planning and less impulsive implementation of "the latest best thing." There is an urgent need in our schools for increased accountability and more focused attention on basic skills. But that very urgency must not lead us to rush. The pace of change must be reasonable and related to the right pace for children's learning. //

True learning requires time: time to wonder, time to share and time to pay attention to what is most important. To hurry through classes and a predetermined timetable of achievements is contrary to the nature of children and will do irreparable damage to their minds and souls. School comes from the Greek word scholé which translates literally as "leisure." Consider how far we've moved from our educational roots! //

High Stress May Damage Memory

According to a report issued in May 1998，elderly people who have consistently high b1ood levels of cortisol don’t score as well on memory tests as their peels with lower levels of the stress hormone．What’s more． high 1evels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking 0f the hippocampus，a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory．The 6ndings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal，“healthy” range can actually accelerate brain aging．

The study results “now provide substantial evidence that long—term exposure to adrenal stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans，”write Nada Porter and Philip Landfield of the University of Kentucky in Lexington in their editorial．Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress by the adrenal glands，which sit on top of the kidneys．

Over a 5 to 6一year period，Dr． Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured 24一hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers，most of Whom were in their 70s．

Despite wide variation in cortisol levels．the participants could be divided into three Subgroups：those whose cortisol progressively increased over time and was currently high（increasing／high）：those whose cortisol progressively increased over time and was currently moderate（increasing／moderate）；and subjects whose cortisol decreased，but Was currently moderate（decreasing／moderate）．

The researchers tested the volunteers’ memory on six people in the increasing／high category and five people in the decreasing／moderate group．The groups did not differ on tests of immediate memory，but the increasing／high cortisol group had other memory problems compared with those in the decreasing／moderate group．

The researchers also found that the total volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing／high group was 14％ lower than those in the decreasing／moderate group，although there were no differences in 0ther brain regions．

The results suggest that brain aging Can be accelerated by levels of adrenal hormones that are not generally regarded as pathological and that variation within this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging．”write Porter and Landfield．“This further suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening of hippocampus．”

第 26 题 The part of the brain important for a person’s learning and memory is．

A．the cortisol．

B．the adrenal glands．

C．the stress hormones

D．the hippocampus．

Which of the following is considered a method of accelerated depreciation:

A . sum-of-the-years digit

B . straight-line

C . double-declining-balance

D . A and C

E . All of the above.

126 Which of the following is considered a method of accelerated depreciation:

A. sum-of-the-years digit

B. straight-line

C. double-declining-balance

D. A and C

E. All of the above

A.It accelerated the extinction of the Latin language.

B.It standardized the publication of grammar books.

C.It turned translation into a welcome profession.

D.It promoted the growth of national languages.

of use that has accelerated quickly.

Which of the following is true of accelerated depreciation？______.

A．Accelerated depreciation is a method of calculating depreciation with larger amounts in the first year (s) .

B．A fixed asset is depreciated under accelerated depreciation method for tax purposes.

C．Accelerated depreciation allows you to write off the cost of assets faster than the straight-line depreciation method.

D．All of the above.