When Diane Darling&39;s frustrated email exchange with a coworker in Australia was passed

on to a boss, she found herself in the CEO&39;s office.

"He handed me a copy of my e-mail and said, &39;I just want to know your thoughts on this,&39;" recalls Ms. Darling, who had criticized her manager. "It&39;s something you hope happens in your 20s. Heaven help you if you do that later in your career!"

Like Darling, who wasn&39;t fired but left the company shortly afterward, many employees have learned the dos and don&39;ts of e-mail the hard way. Some workers get tripped up by e-mail etiquette. Others fall into a black hole of inefficiency because of ineffective electronic communication habits.

The importance of good e-mail skills

With the volume of e-mail growing rapidly, good e-mail skills have become more important than ever, some workplace experts say. For example, 1 in 10 employees spends more than four hours a day handling electronic tasks; nearly half spend at least two hours, according to a survey of 840 companies conducted this year by the American Management Association and the Policy Institute.

Junk e-mail contributes to the problem. But another more deeply rooted issue is ineffective communication practices. Employees&39; poor writing skills cost American corporations $3.1 billion annually in training costs, the National Commission on Writing estimated in a September report.

That&39;s why companies—and individuals—are beginning to coach workers on how to use the medium effectively.

With more than 800 e-mails pouring into her inbox daily, Sharon Clay would be overwhelmed if she didn&39;t focus on efficient e-mail techniques with laser-like intensity.

"People should go through their e-mail in the morning like calisthenics(健身操)", says Ms. Clay, an architectural manager at Nvidia Corp. While she offers one-on-one e-mail coaching, her company, which makes graphics and digital-media chips for computers, has begun holding e-mail training classes for employees.

Clay suggests that workers go through their in-boxes methodically and thoroughly every morning, and more often if necessary. Being predictable in one&39;s response time is an essential part of being a good communicator, she adds.

Here are strategies Clay and others employ to handle the electronic flood:

Don&39;t forget the phone

If your e-mail has more than three points or questions, you&39;re probably better off calling or meeting someone when you can have a discussion based on his or her answers.

Create an alert system

Use color-coding, fonts, and styles to prioritize your inbox. These visual hints enable you to recognize and respond to critical emails quickly. Lower-priority items can be moved into folders to be dealt with later. Clay combs through most of these folders at least once a week.

Remember your grammar

It&39;s not just a courtesy. It ensures clear communication—and may determine your business success. Half of all companies surveyed by the National Commission on Writing took an employee&39;s writing skills into account when making promotion decisions. So while it may save you time to leave out nouns and use abbreviations, don&39;t do it. It can confuse co workers. Also, use clear and concise subject lines.

Watch whom you copy on e-mails

Make sure your recipients have the necessary context to understand an e mail or exchange of e-mails. If not, write a quick summary or add some clarification. Taking these steps will also help when referencing archived（存档的） e-mails. E-mail "is an excellent technology," says Darling, now a networking consultant in Boston. "It’s just so often misused." Darling warned: Don’t send sensitive information to someone you can’t trust to keep it confidential.

The dilemma on e-mails

Admittedly, all of this can be difficult to keep track of. Some companies have stepped in with software that analyzes employees’ communication patterns and identifies when they’ re using e-mail reproductively, says Andrew Wolff, vice president of products at DYS Analytics in Wellesley, Mass. , a software company. More advanced software also identifies employees who violate company policies by using e-mail for personal reasons. Some 30 percent of total workplace e-mail is personal, according to some estimates. E-mail guidelines should be written into company policy and enforced with software that can monitor e-mail and instant messaging records, says Anthony Sanchez, vice president of marketing at Waterford Technologies in Irvine, Calif. "Everybody’s problem boil down to education, policy, and enforcement," he says. "We can’t really change the people until there are policies that are going to be enforced."

1.Clay suggests going through the in-boxes systematically and thoroughly every morning, and less often if necessary.

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More than half of all companies surveyed by the National Commission on Writing took an employee&39;s writing skills into consideration when making promotion decisions.

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In Darling&39;s opinion, we should not send sensitive information to someone you can&39;t trust so as to keep it unknown to others.

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According to a survey of 840 companies conducted this year by the American Management Association and the Policy Institute, nearly 30% of the employees spends more than three hours a day during their spare time handling their e-mails.

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Clay uses some visual hints to help recognize and respond to important e-mails quickly.

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More than 800 Junk e mails pour into Clay&39;s inbox daily.

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According to some workplace experts, to master good e-mail skills has become more important than ever.

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Darling, who is a networking______in Boston, thinks that E-mail is an excellent technology.

Some companies use more advanced software to identify employees who ______company policies by using e-mail for personal reasons.

According to Anthony Sanchez, we can only change the people with ______that are going to be enforced.

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！