The material chosen for the book is from the real life.

When a machine is ______ , suitable material must be chosen for its parts.

A．building

B．build

C．to build

D．to be built

ry work with children. As stated in the preface to the first volume, on "Library and School", the papers chosen are primarily of historic rather than of present-day value, although many of them embody(包含) principles which govern the practice of today. They have been grouped under general headings in order to bring more closely together material relating to the same or to similar subjects. Several different phases of children's work are thus represented, although no attempt has been made to make the collection comprehensive.

Book-selection for children has not been included, since it is expected that this subject will be treated in another volume as part of the general subject of book-selection. In the same way, material on training for library work with children has been reserved for a volume on library training.

The present volume is an attempt to bring together in accessible(可达到的) form. papers representing the growth and tendencies of forty years of library work with children.

The second volume is primarily devoted to【46】value instead of【47】value.

Material on training for library work with children and【48】are the two subjects that have not been included in this volume.

The aim of this volume is to represent the【49】of【50】of library work with children.

SAN FRANCISCO—The "Reading Wizard" (阅读巫题) , an 11-year-old boy, whose offer to read to children without being paid at a local library was refused by libraries will get to read to younger

kids after all.

Mayor Willie Brown last Wednesday ordered San Francisco Public Library officials to allow John O'Connor to read to preschool children to get them interested in books and stop them from watching television and video games.

"I didn' t expect this kind of attention." John said, "It's just shocking."

John has chosen his first book, "The king' s Giraffe", and made up fliers inviting neighborhood children, aged from three to six, to the Presidio Branch every Wednesday afternoon. He planned to call himself the "Reading Wizard" and wear a special hat, fake glasses and a black coat.

But his idea was refused on the phone, in person and finally with a letter from Toni Bernardi, the chief of the library's children and youth service. Using terms like "appropriate material"(适龄读物), she wrote that only library workers are allowed to read to children.

John then went to a member of the city board of supervisors(督导董事会) ,who advised him to write letters to the library officials.

Who is the "Reading Wizard"？

A．Presidio Branch.

B．The King's Giraffe.

C．John O'Connor.

D．Toni Bernardi.

ur current problems？

First, we can help destroy the false impression that science and engineering have caused the current world trouble. On the contrary, science and engineering have made vast contributions to better living for more people.

Second, we can identify the many areas in which science and technology, more considerably used, can be of great service in the future than in the past to improve the quality of life. While we can make many speeches, and pass many laws, the quality of our environment will be improved only through better knowledge and better application of that knowledge.

Third, we can recognize that much of the dissatisfaction we suffer today results from our very successes of former years. We have been so greatly successful in attaining material goals that we are deeply dissatisfied that we cannot attain other goals more rapidly. We have achieved a better life for most people, but we are unhappy that we have not spread it to all people. We have reduced many sources of environmental disasters, but we are unhappy that we have not conquered all of them. It is our raised expectations rather than our failures which now cause our distress.

Granted that many of our current problems must be cured more by social, political, and economic instruments than science and technology, yet science and technology must still be the tools to make further advances in such things as clean air, clean water, better transportation, better medical care, more adequate welfare programs, purer food, conservation resources, and many other areas.

The author thinks that science and technology ______.

A．have caused the current world problems

B．have made life better for more people

C．will, if not in the past, better people's life in the future

D．can not bring a better life for most people

Questions 10~14 are based on the following passageArchitecture is the art or science of designing and constructing buildings with durable materials following cert ain canons. Historically, architecture has followed a succession of recognizable styles that may, for example, be identified as Gothic, Baroque, or Neo-Classical; or it has a specific style associated with a particular culture, such as Greek, Roman, or Egyptian. Architectural style, even if it is a country house, factory, hotel, airport, or religious building, reflects the values as well as the needs of the society that produces it. However, it is governed not only by taste and aesthetic interest but also b y many practical considerations. The availability of suitable materials is closely linked to the development of skills and influenced the shapes of buildings. Carpentry developed in areas of the world that were thickly forested. Although it has become scarcer, timber remains an important building material. In other areas, stone and marble were chosen for important monuments because they are fireproof and durable. Stone is also a sculptural material; stone architecture was often integral with stone sculpture. The use of stone has declined today because a number of other materials, such as glass, steel, and concrete are more economical to use and assemble.In regions where both timber and stone were scarce, earth itself was used as a building material. Mud or clay was compact into walls or made into bricks that were dried in the sun. Later, bricks were baked in kilns , which gave them greater durability. Building with stones or bricks is called masonry. The elements cohere through sheer gravity or the use of mortar. The Romans found a natural cement that, combined with insert substances, produced concrete. In the early 19th century a truly waterproof cement, the key ingredient of modern cement, was developed. So, it is said that Romans are great contributor to t he development of architecture.The writer of this article dose not mention_________.A．the style of the buildings B．the materials of the buildings C．the concept of architecture D．the areas where stone and timber are rich

Arthur, is that deed by which he was disclosed to be the predestined king. His father, Uther Pendragon, had died, and the powerful lords of the kingdom were all grasping for the crown. By Merlin' s advice and counsel it was finally decided that the supernatural powers should be left to determine the troubled issue. Before the greatest church in London a stone had appeared in which a sword was buried and letters of gold were to be seen on the stone around the sword to the effect that the one who could draw the blade should be recognized as king. Many tried in vain. Then, at last, this unknown youth, Arthur, who had been reared secretly under that guardianship of Merlin, rode up to the church and, ignorant of the magic of his deed, pulled out the sword.

This striking symbol of the hero' s election and sacred power is derived from the prehistoric period at the close of the Age of Stone. Swords were not made until after the discovery of bronze and iron: before that time there were only spears and arrows and axes. And so, who is the one who frees the metal from the stone？ The culture hero: the magic smith, who released the worlds from the Stone Age and taught mankind the art of smelting bronze and iron from the ore. The hero who cart draw the iron sword from the stone is not necessarily a great warrior, but always a powerful magician, a lord over spiritual and material things: a seer comparable, in terms of the Iron Age, to modern inventor, chemist or engineer, who creates new weapons for his people. And just as today we live in awe and some fear of the man of science so it is only natural that the folk of that faraway other day should have thought of the one who freed for them metal from stone as the chosen master of the secrets of existence.

The story of the boy' s walking on the stones shows that______.

A．he wished to solve his problem

B．he wanted to get his father killed

C．he wished that his father could help him

D．he was emotionally tolerated and had gone crazy

Architecture

Architecture, the practice of building design and its resulting products; customary usage refers only to those designs and structures that are culturally significant. Architecture is to building as literature is to the printed word. One would say today that architecture must satisfy its intended uses, must be technically sound, and must convey aesthetic meaning. But the best buildings are often so well constructed that they go beyond their original use. They then survive not only as beautiful objects, but as documents of the history of cultures, achievements in architecture that testify to the nature of the society that produced them. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art.

Architectural form. is inevitably influenced by the technologies applied, but building technology is conservative and knowledge about it is cumulative (积累的). Precast (预制的) concrete, for instance, has not made brick out of date. Although design and construction have become highly sophisticated and are often computer directed, this complex apparatus (器械) rests on preindustrial traditions inherited from thousands of years during which most structures were lived in by the people who erected them. The technical demands on building remain the elemental ones-to exclude enemies, and to avoid discomforts caused by an excess of heat or cold or by the intrusion of rain, wind, or pests. This is no trivial assignment even with the best modem technology.

The availability of suitable materials fostered the crafts to exploit them and influenced the shapes of buildings. Large areas of the world were once forested, and their inhabitants developed carpentry (木工工作). Although it has become relatively scarce, timber remains an important building material.

Many kinds of stone lend themselves to building. Stone and marble were chosen for important monuments because they are fireproof and can be expected to endure. Stone is also a sculptural material; stone architecture was often integral with stone sculpture. The use of stone has declined, however, because a number of other materials are more adaptive to industrial use and assembly.

Some regions lack both timber and stone; their peoples used the earth itself, stuffing certain mixtures into walls or forming them into bricks to be dried in the sun. Later they baked those substances in kilns, producing a range of bricks and files with greater durability. Thus, early cultures used substances occurring in their environment and invented the tools, skills, and technologies to exploit a variety of materials, creating a legacy that continues to inform. more industrialized methods.

Building with stones or bricks is called masonry (石建筑或砖建筑). The elements join together through sheer gravity or the use of bonding materials, first composed of lime and sand. The Romans found natural cement that, combined with inert substances, and produced concrete. They usually faced this with materials that would give a better finish. In the early 19th century truly waterproof cement was developed, the key ingredient of modem concrete.

In the 19th century also, steel suddenly became abundant; rolling mills turned out shapes that could make structural frames stronger than the traditional wooden frames. Moreover, steel rods could be positioned in wet concrete so as to greatly improve the flexibility of that material, giving impetus early in the 20th century to new forms facilitated by reinforced concrete construction. The subsequent large quantity of aluminum provided cladding (surfacing) material that was lightweight and virtually maintenance free. In recent decades, elaborate systems for vertical transportation, the control of temperature and humidity, forced ventilation, artificial lighting, sanitation, control of fire, and the distribution of electricity and other services have been deve

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

He was chosen leader by general ______.

A．compromise

B．command

C．consent

D．conviction

A、is choosing

B、is chosen

C、was choosing

D、was chosen