题目内容
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He might have died ______ the careful treatment of the doctors.
A．for
B．with
C．except far
D．but for
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It was lying face downward．The skeleton(骨架) was in perfect condition，except for a wound in the head．There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes．The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots．Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark(树皮) and a holder for arrows．
Who was this man？ How and when had he died？ Everybody had a different answer to these questions．Some people thought that it was from this century，perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I，since several soldiers had already been found in the area．A Swiss woman believed it might be her father，who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found．The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older，maybe even a thousand years old．
With modern dating techniques，the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5，300 years old．Born in about 3300 B.C.，he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe．At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains．More recent evidence，however，tells a different story．A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder．It left only a tiny hole in his skin，but it caused internal damage and bleeding．He almost certainly died from this wound，and not from the wound on the back of his head．This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle．It may have been part of a larger war，or he may have been fighting bandits．He may eyen have been a bandit himself．
By studying his clothes and tools，scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in．We may never know the full story of how he died，but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times．
The body of the Iceman was found in the mountains mainly because
A．two Germans were climbing the mountains．
B．the melted ice made him visible．
C．he was lying on the ice．
D．he was just on a mountain pass．
听力原文：M：You have lived here a considerable time． Did you not say sixteen years？
W：Eighteen，sir，I came，when I was twenty，to wait on the mistress till she died at forty-eight，the master retained me for his housekeeper．
M：Indeed．
W：Ah，times are greatly Changed Since then!
M：Yes，you’ve seen a good many alterations，I suppose？
W：I have，and troubles too．
M：Why the landlord let Thrushcross Grange， and preferred living in a situation and residence so much inferior．Is he not rich enough to keep the estate in good order？
W: Rich，sir! He has，nobody knows what money，and every year it increases．Yes，yes，he’s rich enough to
live in a finer house than this: but he's very near -- close-handed; and, if he had meant to flit to Thrushcross Grange, as soon as he heard of a good tenant he could not have borne to miss the chance of getting a few hundreds more. It is strange people should be so greedy, when they are alone in the world!
M: He had a son, it seems？
W: Yes, he had one -- he is dead.
M: And, that young lady is his widow？
W: Yes.
M: Where did she come from originally？
W: Why, sir, she is my late master's daughter: Catherine Clinton was her maiden name. I nursed her, poor thing! I did wish her family would remove here, and then we might have been together again.
How old is the housekeeper now？
A．Eighteen.
B．Twenty-eight.
C．Thirty-eight.
D．Forty-eight.
Using the X-rays, Stead started on what he thought might be a leg. By his side was Professor Frank Oldfield, of Liverpool University, an expert on peat who could identify vegetation from stems only a fraction of an inch long. "Similar bodies found in bogs in Denmark show signs of a violent death," Stead said. "It is essential for us to be able to distinguish between the plant fibres in peat and clothing or a piece of rope which might have been used to hang him."
As Stead continued his gentle probing, a brown leathery limb began to materialize amidst the peat; but not until most of it was exposed could he and Robert Connolly, a physical anthropologist at Liverpool University, decide that it was an arm. Beside it was a small piece of animal fur — perhaps the remains of clothing.
Following the forearm down into the peat, Stead found a brown shiny object and then, close by, two more. Seen under a magnifying glass, he suddenly realized they were fingernails— "beautifully manicured and without a scratch on them," he said. "Most people at this time in the Iron Age were farmers; but with fingernails like that, this person can't have been. He might have been a priest or an aristocrat." Especially delicate work was required to reveal the head. On the third day, curly sideburns appeared and, shortly afterwards, a moustache. At first it seemed that the man had been balding but gradually he was seen to have close-cropped hair, about an inch or two long.
"This information about his hairstyle. is unique. We have no other information about what Britons looked like before the Roman invasion except for three small plaques showing Celts with drooping moustaches and shaven chins."
The crucial clue showing how the man died had already been revealed, close to his neck, but it looked just like another innocent heather root. It was not recognized until two days later, when Margaret McCord, a senior conservation officer, found the same root at the back of his neck and, cleaning it carefully, saw its twisted texture. "He's been garr0tted." She declared. The root was a length of twisted sinew, the thickness of a strong string. A slip knot at the back shows how it was tightened round the neck.
"A large discoloration on the left shoulder suggests a bruise and possibly a violent struggle," Stead said.
The X-rays that were taken showed Stead and Oldfield______.
A．a vague picture of the bones
B．exactly what they were looking for
C．which deposits were clay and which were peat
D．exactly how the man had died
Two German climbers discovered the Iceman more than 3000 meters above sea level. Ice had protected the body for thousands of years. It was the oldest and best preserved ancient body ever found. When the Iceman was discovered, some scientists suggested that he had fallen asleep and died in the snow or was killed in a fall. A bow and arrows were found with the Iceman. This led some people to believe that he died while hunting animals.
Recently, scientists announced the cause of death. The scientists used X-rey equipment to produce images of the Iceman's upper chest. They found an arrowhead under the left shoulder. Scientists said he was killed by an arrow that tore through his back. They thought the killing might have been either a murder or an offering to the gods. The body was found in a long, narrow area between two of the highest mountains in the Alps. This is the kind of place where people from mountain cultures traditionally made offerings to their gods.
What is the passage mainly about？
(33)
A．The discovery of the Iceman's body.
B．The cause of the Iceman's death.
C．The murder of the Iceman.
D．The mountain people's offerings to their gods.
The Iceman
On a September day in 1991．two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy． High up on a mountain pass，they found the body of a man lying on the ice．At that height(10,499 feet， or 3,200 meters)，the ice is usually permanent，but 1991 had been an especially warm year．The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface．
It was lying face downward．The skeleton(骨架)was in perfect condition，except for a wound in the head．There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes．The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots．Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark(树皮)and a holder for arrows．
Who was this man？ How and when had he died？ Everybody had a different answer to these questions．Some people thought that it was from this century，perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I，since several soldiers had already been found in the area．A Swiss woman believed it might be her father who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found．The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older，maybe even a thousand years old．
With modern dating techniques，the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old．Born in about 3300 B．C．，he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe．At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains．More recent evidence，how ever，tells a different story．A new kind of X-ray shows all arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder．It left only a tiny hole in his skin，but it caused internal damage and bleeding．He almost certainly died from this wound，and not from the wound on the back of his head．This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle．It may have been part of a larger war，or he may have been fighting bandits．He may even have been a bandit himself．
By studying his clothes and tools，scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in．We may never know the full story of how he died，but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times．
The body of the Iceman was found in the mountains mainly because
A．two Germans were climbing the mountains．
B．the melted ice made him visible．
C．he was lying on the ice．
D．he was just on a mountain pass．
根据材料，回答 91～96 题
[1] “Daddy, you're crying,” say my sons. “No, boys, I'm man-crying. Very useful skill.”
[2] A short walk from my house in Hampshire, on a hill overlooking the heathland，is a plaque marking the spot where Richard Pryce Jones deliberately crashed his Halifax bomber during the war. ① He could have parachuted to safety, but that would have meant crashing into the village. The epitaph reads: “He died that others might live.”
[3] It never fails to move me. Not to tears, you understand. That would be disrespectful. But I do usually manage a lump in the throat and that film of moisture over the eyes that men have in their emotional armoury. ②Gordon Brown demonstrated the non-crying cry beautifully when he made his farewell speech on the steps of Number 10. That catch in the throat. The determination not to weep in public． At that moment, if at no other，he had nobility.
[4] Not everyone can carry it off. I don't think Paul Gascoigne ever quite got the hang of it, for example．But I like to think I have it down to an art. My technique honed from years of watching The Railway Children，Sleepless in Seattle and that scene in Dumbo when the mother elephant is locked away. “Daddy!” my sons will say, pointing the accusing finger. “You're crying!”
[5] “Me？ Over Dumbo？ Ha ha ha. No, boys, what I am doing is man-crying, a sort of non-crying cry. I'll teach you it one day. Very useful.”
[6] They are too young to appreciate the nuance yet, but when they are older I will explain that open sobbing is associated with being female, and so inappropriate for men. ③ The Charlie Chaplin analogy might be useful here. He once said that the way to act drunk is to imagine yourself a drunk man trying to act sober. The same is true when a man learns the non-crying cry. To be convincing, you must look as if you are trying to avoid tears.
[7] Men have to be careful what they cry at, because some subjects are more worthy of tears than others．Grief, obviously. But not self-pity. And rarely should a man cry in pain. And never at the death of a princess he didn't know. Those are the rules.
[8] I suspect my colleague Matt Pritchett might be with me on this. One of his cartoons showed a father next to a television tuned to the World Cup, explaining to his children that “at some point in the next few weeks, you are going to see me cry”.④ And the day after the last survivor of the Great Escape died, he did a cartoon showing a gravestone with a mound of tunnelled earth trailing away from it. I seemed to have something in my eye when I saw that, and I expect he had the same something in his eye when he drew it.
第 91 题 Richard Pryce Jones didn't parachute because __________．
[A] he was not allowed to do so
[B] he wanted to save his plane [C] he was afraid of parachute jump
[D] he didn't want to take the villagers' lives
James died on 22 January 2015. He had made the following gifts during his lifetime:
(1) On 9 October 2007, a cash gift of ￡35,000 to a trust. No lifetime inheritance tax was payable in respect of this gift.
(2) On 14 May 2013, a cash gift of ￡420,000 to his daughter.
(3) On 2 August 2013, a gift of a property valued at ￡260,000 to a trust. No lifetime inheritance tax was payable in respect of this gift because it was covered by the nil rate band. By the time of James’ death on 22 January 2015, the property had increased in value to ￡310,000.
On 22 January 2015, James’ estate was valued at ￡870,000. Under the terms of his will, James left his entire estate to his children.
The nil rate band of James’ wife was fully utilised when she died ten years ago.
The nil rate band for the tax year 2007–08 is ￡300,000, and for the tax year 2013–14 it is ￡325,000.
Required:
(a) Calculate the inheritance tax which will be payable as a result of James’ death, and state who will be responsible for paying the tax. (6 marks)
(b) Explain why it might have been beneficial for inheritance tax purposes if James had left a portion of his estate to his grandchildren rather than to his children. (2 marks)
(c) Explain why it might be advantageous for inheritance tax purposes for a person to make lifetime gifts even when such gifts are made within seven years of death.
Notes:
1. Your answer should include a calculation of James’ inheritance tax saving from making the gift of property to the trust on 2 August 2013 rather than retaining the property until his death.
2. You are not expected to consider lifetime exemptions in this part of the question. (2 marks)
The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, end their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities.
Mark, on the other hand, was raised in the home of rich parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to a good school, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Peter's score was 85, well below the level he might have attained if reared under average conditions. Mark' s score was 125, twenty-five points above the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins would have tested at roughly the same level.
(38)
A．Children reared under average conditions possess average intelligence.
B．Lack of opportunity prevents the growth of intelligence.
C．An individual's intelligence is determined chiefly by his environment.
D．Changes of environment produce changes in the brain structure.
But for the party, he ___ of hunger 30 years ago.
A、would have died
B、would die
C、must have died
D、must die
(36)
A．Because he died 5000 years ago in the mountain.
B．Because scientists found an arrowhead under his shoulder.
C．Because he was killed in a fall while hunting animals.
D．Because his body was discovered in an area between two high mountains.
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