题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
The sales of robots have been on the rise chiefly because______.
A．the technology robots use is really advanced
B．robots greatly increase the efficiency in factories
C．robots are becoming economically available
D．most car factories around the world need robots
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翻译练习（二） Instant Expert: Robots Ever since the Czech writer Karel Capek first coined the term “robot” in 1921, there has been an expectation that robots would someday deliver us from the drudgery of hard work. The word — from the Czech “robota”, for hard labour and servitude—described intelligent machines used as slaves in his play R. U. R. (Rossum’s Universal Robots). Today, over one million household robots, and a further 1.1 million industrial robots are operating worldwide. Robots are used to perform tasks that require great levels of precision or are simply repetitive and boring. Many also do jobs that are hazardous to people, such as exploring shipwrecks, helping out after disasters, studying other planets and defusing bombs or mines. Robots are increasingly marching into our lives. In the future, robots will act as our carers, medics, bionic enhancements, companions, entertainers, security guards, traffic police and even soldiers. A recent report published by the United Nations revealed that sales of domestic robots had tripled in a single year. What’s more, they were well on their way to outstripping their industrial cousins. While a large portion of the household robots were made up of robotic vacuum cleaners, mops, lawn mowers, pool cleaners, security bots and even robotic baby-rockers, the real boom was in entertainment robots. Suddenly people were happy to pay for robots that had no specific functional value. Instead these bots, such as Sony’s Aibo robotic dog and its robo-pups served as robo-pets and companions, rather than slaves.
Robots The most sophisticated(先进的) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe. Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding(焊接), spray-painting and assembling components. In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively. It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job. It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan. The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B.F. of mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10.000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years). One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample. The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.Paragraph 2____________
A Ongoing ResearchB Extension of UseC Robot HeroesD Greater ReliabilityE Falling DemandF Hidden Danger
Robots
1．The most sophisticated (先进的) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe.
2．Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接),spray-painting and assembling components.
3．In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.
4．It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.
5．It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan.
6．The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B．F． or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years). One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample.
7．The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.
第 23 题 Paragraph 2 ______________
Robots
1. The most sophisticated (先进的 ) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe.
2. Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接 ) , spray-painting and assembling components.
3. In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.
4. It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.
5. It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan.
6. The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B.F. or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years ) .One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample.
7. The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.
Paragraph 2__________ 查看材料
A.Ongoing Research
B.Extension of Use
C.Robot Heroes
D.Greater Reliability
E.Falling Demand
F.Hidden Danger
根据短文回答 23～30 题。
Robots
1 The most sophisticated (先进的) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studios of robots particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe.
2 Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接),spray, painting and assembling components.
3 In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.
4 It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.
5 It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan.
6 The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B．F． or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years). One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample.
7 The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.
第 23 题 Paragraph 2_______
A．Ongoing Research
B．Extension of Use
C．Robot Heroes
D．Greater Reliability
E．Falling Demand
F．Hidden Danger
根据下列文章,请回答 23～30 题。
Robots
1 The most sophisticated (先进的) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe.
2 Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接),spray-painting and assembling components.
3 In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financiaiiy attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.
4 It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.
5 It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. Tills is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all rnaterial published in Japan.
6 The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B．F． or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today(equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years). One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample.
7 The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.
第 23 题 Paragraph 2___________
A．Ongoing Research
B．Extension of Use
C．Robot Heroes
D．Greater Reliability
E．Falling Demand
F．Hidden Danger
Robots
1 The most sophisticated （先进的）Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on .American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe.
2 Atthough industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, tooay their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding （焊接）, spray-painting and assembling components.
3 In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially. attractive and partly Decause engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.
4 It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an ecuivalent job.
5 "It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous numbe because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan.
6 The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B．F． or mean time between failures,This has risern from about 250 hours in the mid,1970s to about 10,000 hours today（equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years）. One way robot manufacturers have,increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample.
7 The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control once Programmed, the robots can work more accurately and; consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.
第 23 题 Paragraph 2_________________
There are now about 800 000 industrial robots around the world, and orders for new robots in the first half of 2007 were up a record 26% from the same period in 2006, according to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). Demand is increasing as prices fall: a robot sold in 2007 cost less than a fifth of an equivalent robot sold in 1990, for example. Today, in car factories in Japan, Germany and Italy, there is more than one robot for every ten production workers.
Similarly, agricultural robots harvest billions of tones of crops every year. There are six-legged timber cutters, tree-climbing fruit-pickers, robots that milk cows, and others that wash windows, trucks and aircraft. Industrial robotics is a 5.6 billon industry, growing by around 7% a year. But the UNECE report predicts that the highest growth over the next three years will be in domestic rather than industrial robots. Sales of such devices, it predicts will grow ten-fold between 2007 and 2010, overtaking the market for industrial robots.
The broader application of robotics is becoming possible thanks to the tumbling (暴跌) cost of computing power, says Takeo Kanade. This lets programmers write more sophisticated software that delivers more intelligent robotic behavior. At the same time, he notes, the cost of camera and sensor chips has tumbled, too. "The processing power is so much better than before that some of the seemingly simple things we humans do, like recognizing faces, can begin to be done", says Dr. Kanade.
While prices drop and hardware improves, research into robotic vision, control systems and communications have jumped ahead as well. America's military and its space agency, NASA, have poured billions into robotic research and related fields such as computer vision. The Spirit and Opportunity Rovers (漫游者) exploring Mars can pick their way across the surface to reach a specific destination. Their human masters do not specify the route; instead, the robots are programmed to identify and avoid obstacles themselves.
It can be inferred from the first paragraph that______.
A．the first robot of the world was designed in 1961 for General Motors
B．the expensive computing power didn't hinder a robot's efficiency
C．robots controlled by computers can do most tasks better than humans
D．human workers often went on a strike when they were not satisfied in the past
For anyone who hates doing yard work, your new best friend may have arrived. A robot can autonomously shovel snow, collect leaves and cut grass.
“We’re trying t o help people not spend time on yard work，”said Steven Waelbers, the designer of t he robot. “We want people to enjoy t heir free time with their family.”The electric robot can run by itself in right directions with the help of two beacons(信号塔) that must be placed in the yard. the robot includes a camera and ultrasound sensor (超声传感器) that Waelbers said would stop quickly when it finds pets and people.
Owners of the robot will need t o regulate t he values stored in the robot. then it will confirm the task it’s going to take. Before the robot operate by itself, an owner must manually wheel it around the yard 一 taking it around any obstacles like trees, bushes or mailboxes. By doing this, the robot is taught how long and wide the lawn is, and won’t accidentally(不小心) destroy your rose hush or run to the neighborhood.
Once this setup is complete, and the $3,999 robot has been trained on where to cut grass, rake leaves and shovel snow, it operates without any supervision.
Waelbers has always loved to build robots and play with electronics. He started work on a high-tech company after his father asked him to make a robot that would shovel snow for him. Waelbers plans to start sales in early 2017.
26. This article mainly talks about()
A. a newly-designed robot
B. The founder of a company
C. problems with a new product
27. According to Steven Waelbers, the robot is designed to()
A. encourage people to do exercise
B. help people keep healthy and fit
C. make people enjoy family time
28.the robot would stop in front of pets and people thanks to()
A. the remote controller
B. the ultrasound sensor
C. the big and square yard
29. Which of the following steps should be done in the first place？()
A. An owner must wheel the robot around the yard by himself.
B. The robot learns and stores the length and width of the lawn.
C. The robot operates the task it’s going to take without supervision.
30. Which of the following about Waelbers is TRUE？()
A. He didn’t love building robots when he was a young boy.
B. His father asked him to make a robot that could play balls.
C. He is starting to sell this snow-shoveling robot in early 2017.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
What Will We Do for Work
I believe that 90% of white-collar jobs in the U. S. will be either destroyed or altered beyond recognition in the next 10 to 15 years. That's a catastrophic prediction, given that 90% of us are engaged in white-collar work of one sort or another. Even most manufacturing jobs these days are connected to such white-collar services as finance, human resources and engineering.
I talked to an old London loader some time back. He allowed that in 1970 it took 108 guys about five days to unload a timber ship. Then came containerization. The comparable task today takes eight folks one day. That is, a 98.5% reduction in man-days, from 540 total to just eight.
This time the productivity aims to reconstruct—make that deconstruct—the white-collar world. In fact, I see a five-sided movement that will bring to my apparently fantastic "90% in 10 years" prediction.
FIRST the Destructive Nature of the Current Flavor of Competition, Dotcom Company.
Sure, most will fail. But the survivors will exert enormous pressure—fast! —on the Big Guys. When an Amazon or a Charles Schwab moves into your neighborhood, you've got moments to react. Or take king entrepreneur Jim Clark of Netscape fame. His latest venture, Healtheon/WebMD, intends to squeeze hundreds of billions of dollars of waste out of the health-care system. These new firms aim to create nothing less than havoc in the theaters in which they operate.
SECOND Enterprise Software.
It's a name for the tools that will hook up every aspect of a business's innards' internal organs—personnel, production, sales, accounting—and then hook up all that hooked-up stuff to the rest of the "family" of suppliers and the suppliers' suppliers and wholesalers and retailers and end users.
They are your nightmare, these "white-collar robots." The complex products from German software giant SAP will do to your company's internal organs exactly what robots and containerization did to the blue-collar world in 1960. Installing these tools is not easy. The technical part is distressing; the politics are dreadful. When the blue-collar robots arrived, the unions revolted against it. This time it's management official who are opposing technological change. Why？ These tools threaten their comfortable status, carefully crafted over several generations.
But the robots did come. And they triumphed.
THIRD Outsourcing.
M. I. T.'s No. 1 computer professor, Michael Dertouzos, said India could easily boost its GDP by a trillion dollars in the next few years performing secret white-collar tasks for Western companies. He guessed that 50 million jobs from the white-collar West could go south to India, whose population hit 1 billion last week. The average annual salary for each of those 50 million new Indian workers: $20,000.
FOURTH the Web.
Ford, GM and DaimlerChrysler announce a rare combination. They will link all their tens of thousands of suppliers into a single, Internet-based network. This entity will include $250 billion annually of suppliers' products(and perhaps an additional $500 billion of those suppliers' products). In short, every penny of waste will be compressed from the huge procurement system. The order cycle will speed up dramatically. Medibuy aims for the same hat trick in medical supplies, Digital Think in training, Car Station in the auto-body-
A．98.5%
B．90%
C．50%
D．37%
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