题目内容
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Many great scientists ________ their success to hard work.
A．portray
B．ascribe
C．impart
D．acknowledge
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更多“Many great scientists ________ their success to hard work.A．portrayB．ascribeC．impar”相关的问题
A．are to challenge
B．are challenging
C．may be challenged
D．have been challenged
The pure or theoretical scientist does original research in order to understand the basic laws of nature that govern our world. The applied scientist adapts this knowledge to practical problems. Neither is more important than the other, however, for the two groups are very much related. Some times, however, the applied scientist finds the "problem" for the theoretical scientist to work on. Let' s take a particular problem of the aircraft industry: heat-resistant metals. Many of the metals and alloys which perform. satisfactorily in a car cannot be used in a jet-propelled plane. New alloys must be used, because the jet engine operates at a much higher temperature than an automobile engine. The turbine wheel in a turbojet must withstand temperatures as high as 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit, so aircraft designers had to turn to the research metallurgist for the development of metals and alloys that would do the job in jet-propelled planes.
Dividing scientists into two groups is only one broad way of classifying them, however. When scientific knowledge was very limited, there was no need for men to specialize. Today, with the great body of scientific knowledge, scientists specialize in many different fields. Within each field, there is even further subdivision. And, with finer and finer subdivisions, the various sciences have become more and more interrelated until no one branch is entirely independent of the others. Many new specialties--geophysics and biochemistry, for example--have resulted from combining the knowledge of two or more sciences.
The applied scientist ______.
A．is not always interested in practical problems
B．provides the basic knowledge for practice
C．applies the results of research to practice
D．does original research to understand the basic laws of nature
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
As the horizons of science have expanded, two main groups of scientists have emerged. One is the pure scientist; the other, the applied scientist.
The pure or theoretical scientist does original research in order to understand the basic laws of nature that govern our world. The applied scientist adapts this knowledge to practical problems. Neither is more important than the other, however, for the two groups are very much related.
Sometimes the applied scientist finds the "problems" for the theoretical scientist to work on. Let's take a particular problem of the aircraft industry: heat-resistant metals. Many of the metals and alloys(合金) that perform. satisfactorily in a car cannot be used in a jet-propelled plane. New alloys must be used, because the jet engine operates at a much higher temperature than an automobile engine. The turbine wheel in a turbo-jet must withstand temperatures as high as 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit, so aircraft designers had to turn to the research metallurgist(冶金学者) for the development of metals and alloys that would do the job in jet-propelled planes.
Dividing scientists into two groups—pure and applied—is only one broad way of classifying them, however, when scientific knowledge was very limited, there was no need for men to specialize. Today, with the great body of scientific knowledge, scientists specialize in many different fields. Within each field, there is even further division. And, with finer and finer divisions, the various sciences have become more and more interrelated until no one branch is entirely independent of the others. Many new specialties—geophysics and biochemistry, for example—have resulted from combining the knowledge of two or more sciences.
The statement "the horizons of science have expanded"(Line 1, Para. 1) means that______.
A．the horizon is enlarged by scientists
B．scientists can observe further space
C．scientist9 are making efforts to expand the outer space
D．science has developed more fields
First, sometimes early scientists have an idea which is correct, but scientists in later centuries do not believe it. For example, about 270 B. C., a Greek scientist had an idea which we all believe today: The earth moves around the sun. But for the following 1,600 years scientists did not believe this. In their opinion, the sun clearly moved around the earth. They discovered the truth again only in the fifteenth century!
The second fact of history that many people forget is this: Ancient does not mean primitive. For example, the ancient Egyptians knew a great deal about the stars; they used this knowledge to find their way across the oceans. Two thousand years ago a Greek scientist who lived in Egypt calculated the distance around the earth. The results of his calculations were close to the real distance we know today! So the ancients had a great deal of scientific knowledge. They also had skills which equaled the skills of to- day. For example, 1,300 years ago and before, fishermen in Ireland built their boats of wood and leather. Today some fishermen in Ireland still make boats of the same de- sign. They use tools and materials which are not very different from the tools and materitals which their ancestors used. Why？ The ancient design of the boats was good, and with skillful sailors, these boats can sail in all kinds of weather.
Clearly long before the sixteenth century, people had the skill, the knowledge and the equipment which were necessary for long journeys by sea. The world did not have to wait until the sixteenth century for its first explorers!
Which of the following statements is consistent with the passage？
A．According to the writer, we only began to really explore the world in the sixteenth century.
B．In the history of science, people sometimes have to discover a fact a second time.
C．The ancient Egyptians had very little knowledge about the stars.
D．The writer agrees with many Americans and Europeans except for the two facts mentioned in the passage.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
听力原文： The United States of America is a country made up of different races. The original Americans were the Indians. The so-called white men who then reached the new continent were mostly from England. But many came from other countries like France and Germany.
One problem in America is discrimination. When newcomers came to the U. S. A. , they found they were discriminated against, first the Irish and Italians, later the blacks. At last almost every group could escape this discrimination except the blacks. Believe it or not, the worst discrimination today is towards the Indians.
One reason why the Indians are discriminated against is that they have tried to keep their identity. But they are not the only people who have done so. The Chinese have Chinatown in New York and the Japanese have their Little Tokyo in L. A. and the Dutch have their enclosed settlement in Pennsylvania. The Dutch live separately for religious reasons rather than keeping together for their identity.
All races helped make the United States a great country. Many people still come from other countries to help America grow. A good example is the American project that let a man walk on the moon. It was a German scientist who was most responsible for doing that. It is certain that in the future the U. S. A. will still need the help of people from different races to remain a great country.
(27)
A．Germany.
B．Holland.
C．France.
D．England.
First, sometimes early scientists have an idea which is correct, but scientists in later centuries do not believe it. For example, about 270 B. C., a Greek scientist had an idea which we all believe today: The earth moves around the sun. But for the following 1,600 years scientists did not believe this. In their opinion, the sun clearly moved around the earth. They discovered the truth again only in the fifteenth century!
The second fact of history that many people forget is this: Ancient does not mean primitive. For example, the ancient Egyptians knew a great deal about the stars; they used this knowledge to find their way across the oceans. Two thousand years ago a Greek scientist who lived in Egypt calculated the distance around the earth. The results of his calculations were close to the real distance we know today! So the ancients had a great deal of scientific knowledge. They also had skills which equaled the skills of to- day. For example, 1,300 years ago and before, fishermen in Ireland built their boats of wood and leather. Today some fishermen in Ireland still make boats of the same de- sign. They use tools and materials which are not very different from the tools and materitals which their ancestors used. Why？ The ancient design of the boats was good, and with skillful sailors, these boats can sail in all kinds of weather.
Clearly long before the sixteenth century, people had the skill, the knowledge and the equipment which were necessary for long journeys by sea. The world did not have to wait until the sixteenth century for its first explorers!
Which of the following statements is consistent with the passage？
A．According to the writer, we only began to really explore the world in the sixteenth century.
B．In the history of science, people sometimes have to discover a fact a second time.
C．The ancient Egyptians had very little knowledge about the stars.
D．The writer agrees with many Americans and Europeans except for the two facts mentioned in the passage.
For many years, doctors have been studying the way the brain works. We all know that the brain has two sides, the left and the right. The right side controls the senses (seeing, hearing, feeling, tasting and smelling), and is the creative and imaginative side. The left side of the brain controls our logical thinking. It processes the information which comes in, and puts it into order, We call the left side the "educated" side of the brain and generally, in western societies, people have developed this side of the brain more than the fight side.
Scientists believe that our brain will work much more efficiently if both the right side and the left side are developed equally. In many schools today, teachers try to educate the children in such a way that both sides of the brain are used. This can be done with logical subjects including mathematics and science as well as with creative subjects such as art and literature. The result achieved by students who are educated in this way is usually better than the result of students who are educated in a more traditional way. Traditional teaching tends to exercise the left side of the brain without paying very much attention to the development of the right side.
great thinkers such as Bertand Russell the Philosopher, and Albert Einstein, the scientist, only in their work, but also in creative and imaginative activities. It was because of their many different interests in life that they were able to achieve the full development of both sides of their brain.
As long as Einstein and Russell lived, their brains functioned efficiently. It was their bodies, finally, which could not go on any longer.
The body improves ______.
A．with age
B．with use
C．with memory
D．with development
The study of philosophies should make our own ideas flexible.
We are all of us apt to make 【M1】______
certain general ideas for granted, and call them common sense. We should learn that other people have held quite different ideas, but that our own have started as
very original guesses of philosophers. 【M2】______
A scientist is apt to think that all the problems of philosophy will ultimately be solved by science. I think this is true for a great many of the
questions in which philosophers still argue. 【M3】______
For example, Plato thought that when we saw something, one ray of light came to it from the sun,
and the other from our eyes and that seeing was something like feeling with a stick. 【M4】______
We now know that the light comes from the sun, and is reflected into our eyes. We don't know in much detail how the changes in our eyes give to sensation. But there is every, 【M5】______
reason to think that as we learn more about the physiology of the brain, we shall do so, and that the great philosophical problems about knowledge are going to be pretty full cleared up. 【M6】______
But if our descendants know the answers to these questions and others that perplex us today, there would still be one field of which they do not know, namely the future. 【M7】______
While exact our science, we cannot know it as we know the past. 【M8】______
Philosophy may be described as argument about things of which we are ignorant. And where science gives us a hope of knowledge it is often reasonable to suspend judgment.
That is one reason 【M9】______
that Marx and Engels quite rightly wrote to many philosophical
problems that interested in 【M10】______
their contemporaries.
【M1】
【C1】
A．about
B．on
C．with
D．for
The great American scientist Edison had a remarkable ______ for inventing new things.
A．requirement
B．aptitude
C．obligation
D．vulnerability
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