题目内容
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Some fruit grower groups believe that most food-borne diseases are caused by
A．growers' lack of attention to personal hygiene.
B．lack of effective guidelines.
C．the FDA's decision to import more foreign fruits and vegetables.
D．people involved in distributing fresh produce.
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更多“Some fruit grower groups believe that most food-borne diseases are caused byA．growers' lac”相关的问题
A、能吃掉的我就吃掉,吃不了的我就做成罐头。
B、我吃掉我能吃的,我不能吃的,我也吃。
FDA: Human, Animal Waste Threatens Produce
The biggest food safety risk for fresh fruits and vegetables as they are grown, picked or processed comes from human and animal waste, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said Friday.
More than 9,000 Americans die each year from food-borne diseases and some scientists believe fresh produce is the biggest carrier of contamination.
The FDA issued a set of draft guidelines for US and foreign growers to carefully monitor worker hygiene, water quality, manure management and transportation.
This 34-page draft guidelines urged growers to give workers lessons on basic hygiene such as Using soap to wash their hands, covering wounds that could come into contact with produce, and using only clean toilets.
The FDA guidelines identified "the major source of contamination" for fresh produce as human or animal feces.
"We think just proper controls and proper attention to detail would make a big difference in food safety," said an FDA official. "It is our belief that these guidelines would not be very costly. "
But grower groups disagreed with the FDA's assessment. "Most food-borne disease outbreaks that happen further down the distribution line are due to contamination because people preparing food are not properly washing their hands," said Stacey Zawal, an official with United Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Association. "That is not necessarily true for growers and packers. "
Some US grower organizations have expressed concern that the agency is interfering with on- farm practices. 8 Others object to the FDA's proposal to have growers formally document the picking, handling and transportation of produce so that health officials could quickly recall foods if necessary.
Consumer groups criticized the FDA guidelines as of little use because they will not carry the force of law to But stricter regulations could evolve as researchers find new technology or methods to kill harmful bacteria or parasites, the FDA said.
The FDA recommendations are due to be made final by the FDA later this year for use by US and foreign growers. The matter of encouraging foreign growers to adopt the guidelines remains somewhat tricky but FDA officials say it is vital because of the huge amount of imported produce.
"Food-borne diseases" in this essay means those diseases
A．which people get by eating fruits and vegetables which have been polluted.
B．which people get by eating too many kinds of food.
C．which many kinds of fruit get when polluted by feces.
D．which fruit-growers get by their failure to keep themselves clean.
Task 2
Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.
Apples are the second most valuable fruit crop in the United States, after oranges. Autumn is a time when fresh apples are everywhere. They are not native to the country. Research shows that apples came from Central Asia. But they are believed to have been grown in America since the early sixteen hundreds.
Washington State, in the' Pacific Northwest, produces the country's biggest apple crop. New York and Michigan are also big producers. Among nations, China is the biggest grower followed by the United States and Turkey.
This year, American growers expect to harvest nearly four thousand five hundred million kilograms of apples. That is a little less than last year's record harvest.
Apples are a member of the rose family. Apples come in reds, greens and yellows. About two thousand five hundred kinds grow in the United States, Three times that number are grown around the world.
The University of Illinois Extension service says one hundred varieties are grown most commonly in the United States. The most popular are the Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, Gala, Fuji and Granny Smith.
In the United States, three fourths of apples are eaten fresh. Some are made into sweet foods like apple pie. The rest are processed to make products such as apple juice, apple cider(苹果酒), apple sauce and vinegar.
A popular saying goes: "An apple a day keeps the doctor away." Apples are a healthy food. For one thing, they are high in fiber, mainly in the skin.
Apple trees flower in late spring. Late blossoming avoids freezing weather. So farmers can grow apples farther north than most other fruits. In North America, apples can be grown in all fifty states and Canada.
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？
A．Orange is a fruit crop that is less valuable than apple in America.
B．There are about 7,500 kinds of apples grown in the world.
C．China is the third largest apple grower after the U.S. and Turkey.
D．This year, America growers expect to harvest more apples than last year.
Man 2: Well, they're a small, green, round fruit and they're delicious! New Zealand now exports more of them than any other fruit and vegetable - so kiwi fruit are very important to us economically. Of course, New Zealand is famous for lamb and wool production, and trade in both of these is still very good - though dairy products is actually the biggest area in terms of export income.
Man 1: I see.., and can you tell me why the KMB was started？
Man 2: Well, some years ago kiwi fruit farmers found they were producing more fruit, but the market wasn't growing at the same rate. So the KMB was formed - partly to set up distribution to retailers and so on within New Zealand, but also to find more customers for kiwi fruit around the world - in other words, to make the export market bigger.
Man 1: I see.., now just what do you do to find more customers around the world for a particular product.., especially one which people have probably never seen before？
Man 2: Well, there are a number of ways of doing this. Some marketing boards might do an international advertising campaign, so that when anybody in one of the target countries watches TV, they're certain to see the product. That's fine, but of course it costs a lot, and it's not really suited to our product. So we've always approached this in a different way - we want to be certain that anyone who buys our product anywhere in the world has a guarantee that what they're buying is of the highest quality. This is the best long-term policy.., you can do all kinds of things, like selling at cost price at the beginning so that your product is cheaper than its competitors, but we didn't think that would present the right image, and in the end you'll only have to raise your prices anyway.
Man 1: So, as with anything, it all comes down to how good your product is...
Man 2: That's right.
Man 1: And where do most exports of kiwi fruit go？
Man 2: Well, our market is expanding all the time. Our oldest markets are in Europe and Japan, but demand is growing in the Middle East and Korea. Our latest destinations are South America and Vietnam.
Man 1: Really？ So kiwi fruit are becoming truly international...
Man 2: Yes. And kiwi fruit currently make up 25% of all fruit exported by New Zealand.
Man 1: And do you expect that to rise？
Man 2: Yes - to 32% in five years' time, a 7% increase we hope!
Man 1: Mmm - OK how does the fruit get from grower to customer？
Man 2: Well, most kiwi is exported by sea though some is sent by air freight to Australia. The fruit comes into the ports by truck, after being packed by the growers at local packing stations.
There is a plan for express rail transport in the future, which should speed things up a bit more.
Man 1: And after the fruit arrives at the ports？
Man 2: Well, it's stored on the ships in large wooden boxes. We send 50 million boxes out of the country on 80 ships - but that's not enough! We're quite happy with the design of the boxes, and we know we've got exactly the right temperature on board for the fruit - in other words, our technology isn't a problem - we simply need more ships to be able to work as efficiently as we'd like to.
Man 1: And how do you see the future developing？
Man 2: Well, we hope to work out ways to send the fruit even more quickly to our export markets, to keep it as fresh as possible.
Man 1: Mmm - well thank you, Peter. One last question - is kiwi fruit popular in New Zealand？
Man 2: Yes... In fact it recently became the second biggest seller on the home market. It's overtaken sales of pears - although it'll be a while yet before we overtake apples. But that's OK of course, because all New Zealan
A．dairy products.
B．fruit and vegetables.
C．lamb and wool.
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Buying Lottery
Tomato Ripening
Tomatoes give off minute quantities of ethylene gas which is active in starting the natural ripening process. If left to nature, however, the tomatoes ripen in a random way. The trickled ethylene gas process of tomato ripening consists of exposing the tomatoes to a low concentration of ethylene gas under controlled temperature conditions in a special tomato-ripening room. This treatment initiates and controls the speed of the natural ripening and colouring process in the tomatoes.
Controlled ripening and colouring enables the grower to market tomatoes of more uniform. colour and quality than is possible with green or fieldripened produce. Timing of harvesting and marketing may, within limits, also be regulated by the use of controlled ripening and colouring in order to achieve maximum returns and make the best use of labour and equipment.
Ripening Conditions
All fruit must be mature green at harvest for controlled ripening to be successfully carried out. Relative humidity does not appear to be of great importance in the tomato-ripening process. Little moisture loss from the tomatoes occurs during the ripening process due to the relatively impermeable nature of the tomato skin. Ripening time will depend on the ripening temperature range, however, ripening temperature above 24℃will result in poor colour development with yellow or orange fruit rather than red. The heating and cooling capacity should be such that the tomatoes can be brought to the recommended ripening temperature within 24 hours.
Room Size and Construction
For efficiency and convenience in operation, on-farm, tomato ripening rooms are usually sized to accommodate the normal daily tomato pick during the peak harvest time. The room capacity is generally in the range of two to ten tonnes of tomatoes. However, larger rooms may sometimes he installed. Since the average ripening time is three or four days, tile provision of multiple rooms on the farm is generally desirable.
Air Circulation and Ventilation System
Fan-forced air circulation is required tbr adequate and uniform. temperature control and ethylene gas distribution in the ripening room. An air circulation rate of two room air volumes per minute is recommended for good results. This is equivalent to around 480 cubic metres of air per hour per tonnes of tomatoes. At the recommended heating or cooling capacity of 0. 6 to 1.2kw per tonne of tomatoes, this gives an air circulation rates are necessary to limit variations in temperature in different parts of the room to acceptable levels and to achieve an adequate rate of heating or cooling of the tomatoes.
The ventilation system circulates the room air continuously, introducing a small proportion of fresh air and exhausting a similar amount of air at the same time. This prevents a build up of ethylene gas in the room and also removes carbon dioxide produced by the fruit during respiration. If this car- bon dioxide were allowed to build up to too high a level in the room atmosphere, it would interfere with the ripening process.
Temperature Control System
The temperature of tomatoes in the ripening room has a great influence on the ripening process. In fact, the product heat load usually represents around 80% of the total heat load. The remainder is due to heat transmission through the exterual walls of the room anti the fresh air exchange rate. In some cases, both heating anti cooling are required to maintain the room temperature within the required range. The time required for ripening can be reduced to some extent by increasing the temperature. Reverse cycle air-conditioners are successfully used for both heating and cooling in tomato-ripening rooms where humidity control does not
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
Jane：You'd better buy some fruit,and sandwiches.
Michael： ？
-- Would you like some fruit ？
-- _____
A.Not at all .
B.Please，go ahead.
C.No，thanks.
D.Here you are .
If you want to feel full before you eat, you can ______.
A．eat some fruit or vegetables
B．drink a large glass of water
C．eat some chocolate or hard candies
D．drink some coffee or clear soup
A．Working as a seller.
B．Doing some cleaning and packaging job.
C．Selling fruit and vegetables.
D．Placing the goods to the shelf.
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