题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A．glitches
B．suspects
C．orbiters
D．pitches
简答题官方参考答案
（由简答题聘请的专业题库老师提供的解答）
更多“The workers of space shuttle Discovery got into the back of the shuttle to look for ______”相关的问题
NASA is making research on various kinds of space habitats because ______.
A．people on the earth must all move to the moon
B．many space industries will need workers to work out in space
C．new markets and more jobs will be created by space industrialization
D．space research has reached a new level
A．The 50 workers moved to the brightly colored room performed precisely the same manufacturing task as the workers who remained in the drab workroom.
B．The drab workroom was designed to provide adequate space for at most 65 workers.
C．The 50 workers who moved to the brightly colored workroom were matched as closely as possible in age and level of training to the 50 workers who remained in the drab workroom.
D．Nearly all the workers in both groups had volunteered to move to the brightly colored workroom.
E．Many of the workers who moved to the brightly colored workroom reported that they liked the drab workroom as well as or better than they liked the brightly colored workroom.
The craft producer uses highly skilled workers and simple but flexible tools to make exactly what the consumer asks for — one item at a time. Custom furniture, works of decorative art, and a few exotic cars provide current-day examples. We all love the idea of craft method — as automobiles once were exclusively — cost too much for most of us to afford. So mass production was developed at the beginning of the twentieth century as an alternative.
The mass-producer uses narrowly skilled professionals to design products made by unskilled or semiskilled workers tending expensive, single purpose machines. These churn out standardized products in very high volume. Because the machinery costs so much and it is so intolerant of disruption, the mass-producer adds many buffers -- extra supplies, extra workers, and extra space — to assure smooth production. Because changing over to a new product costs even more, the mass-producer keeps standard designs in production for as long as possible. The result: the consumer gets lower costs but at the expense of variety and by means of work methods that most employees find boring and dispiriting.
The lean producer, by contrast, combines the advantages of craft and mass production, while avoiding the high cost of the former and the rigidity of the latter.
Toward this end, lean producers employ teams of multiskilled workers at levels of the organization and use highly flexible, increasingly automated machines to produce volumes of products in enormous variety.
Lean production is "lean" because it uses less of everything compared with mass production, half the human effort in the factory, half the manufacturing space, half the investment in tools, half the engineering hours to develop a new product in half the time. Also, it requires keeping far less than half the needed inventory on site, results in much fewer defects, and produces a greater and ever growing variety products.
About the craft production, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE？
A．It used highly skilled workers.
B．It produced expensive goods.
C．It was developed at the beginning of the twentieth century.
D．It used flexible machines to make what the buyer asked for.
Statements
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper, so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
听力原文：According to some research, there is still relatively little job mobility in American industry.
(21)
A．American workers tend to stay in one job.
B．Crop dusting jobs in American are few.
C．The mob moved very slowly.
D．Their relatives live in a mobile home.
The birth of the Space Transportation System (STS) and the new era of space activities it will bring are contributing to a recent upsurge of social science interest in space. In the years ahead, social scientists will have to investigate systematically the fundamentally new socio/techno-cultural developments that could accompany this new era—not only to point out potential unfavorable impacts before they occur but also to enhance public comprehension of space and its relationships to social matters, and to highlight society's needs in relation to space, pointing out opportunities for development that might otherwise be overlooked by the technologist.
Space industrialization will create new markets and more jobs here on Earth, but many of the space industries of the decades ahead will also require highly qualified workers in habitable orbital facilities. Various concepts of orbiting platforms and space habitats are under continued study by NASA, including man-tended construction systems and permanently manned space stations of modular (组合的) or "building block" design that will grow by steps using the versatile space shuttle. A manned reusable orbital transfer vehicle, which will be used to carry people and cargo to geo-synchronous orbit and eventually to the moon, is also on the drawing board. Space systems currently envisioned by long-range planners can be seen as stepping-stones to large Earth-orbiting and lunar-based space communities and space settlements of the third-millennium (千年), housing hundreds or even thousands of humans.
"Human" industries in space (such as medical, clinical, and biogenetic research), space science and space-borne educational centres, space hospitals, and activities in areas such as entertainment and the arts are long-range possibilities that will eventually be brought within our grasp through the step-by-step development of space. Orbital vacation centres may also be somewhere in the future, adding a whole new dimension to tourism.
Social scientists have recently become greatly interested in space because ______.
A．space industrialization will create new markets and more jobs on Earth
B．space exploration will be harmful to man
C．space colonization is near at hand
D．otherwise technologists will catch the opportunity to go to space
The Bridgeport Revitalization Committee(BRC)
13 Robin Way
Bridgeport, MA 02126
Kevin Taylor
203 8th Avenue
Bridgeport, MA 02133
Dear Mr. Taylor,
I am excited to announce to our members that we have received a $750,000 grant from the Roger Coopers Foundation for our City Revitalization Project.
The City Revitalization Project focuses on the downtown area of Bridgeport, between First Avenue and Lincoln Way. We will begin by redesigning Baten Park and the pedestrian walkways to create a more inviting space for shoppers and workers on their lunch breaks.
This grant is the largest we have ever received, and we are excited about the work it will allow us to accomplish.
We look forward to improving the quality of life in our city through great design!
Denise LeBaron
What can be inferred about Mr. Taylor？
A．He is a member of the BRC.
B．He works for Denise LeBaron.
C．He lives between First Avenue and Lincoln Way.
D．He is on the board of the Roger Coopers Foundation.
Bosses should welcome the sight of staff slumped over their keyboards because when they wake up their performance will increase by 35 per cent and their ability to judge the right business decisions by 50 per cent, the space research agency claims.
However, they should sleep for only 45 minutes. Any longer, they risk fallings into so deep sleep and will wake up groggy.
The research was aimed originally at predicting the performance of astronauts on long missions. However, the scientists behind the study said that the same results had been achieved by office workers performing less glamorous tasks.
Mark Rosekind, chief scientist of California-based Alertness Solutions, said that many managers believed it was an admission of weakness to give in to tiredness. "It is a false myth that if you sleep more hours awake you are more productive," he said. Most people suffer a decline in their alertness between 3p..m. and 5 p. m., when they could most benefit from taking a nap. Mr. Rosekind said that napping was especially important in safety-critical jobs, such as piloting passenger jets on long-haul flights. "Controlled rest on the flight deck improves alertness in the final critical phase," he said, and maximum alertness was normally achieved between 9-11 a.m. and 9-11 p.m.
According to the research by NASA, an afternoon nap ______.
A．can greatly improve the efficiency of work
B．can fall into a deep sleep and will wake up groggy
C．makes people suffer a decline in their alertness
D．is an admission of weakness
The third age of life has been associated with choice, personal fulfillment, and liberation. Workplaces are searching for ways to increase productivity, older workers are asking for in: creased career development opportunities and yet are still neglected by most workplaces. We are going to discuss some of the misconceptions about older workers and the reality of a more active and involved older adult workforce.
There appears to be considerable variation in the concept of 'older worker' as defined by age alone. The term 'older worker' extends from 40 to 75 years of age. The concept of older worker encompasses different ages depending on the purpose of the organization as well as the needs of the worker. Age alone may not be a defining characteristic of an older worker. Per, haps becoming an older worker is more situational than chronological(按年代顺序排列的).
Retirement for future older workers is becoming an outdated notion. From a societal perspective, the issue has changed from assisting older workers to retire and use leisure time to retaining and recruiting older workers. Recruitment and retention will become a key policy issue to satisfy the increasing demands for productivity, worker shortages, and retaining corporate knowledge. From a national policy perspective, increasing work life eases the social security burden, and requires programs for reemployment and continued employment of older workers. In the future, retirement will be interspersed with older workers cycling in and out of periods of active employment. Work will become an integral part of living. In the future, baby boomers may not be able to retire due to frequent job changes, underemployment, and not having acquired a consistent retirement package such as one might earn over a working life in a one-career job.
Organizations are experiencing an attitudinal shift, seeing the value and importance of training older workers. During the past decade, advocates concentrated on convincing employers that older workers are capable of learning. Today, advocates are demonstrating that with training to maintain, enhance, or update skills, older workers are contributing to organizational productivity and may even surpass younger workers in reliability and consistency. By implementing ecological changes in training and workplace design, the productivity of older adults can be enhanced. Older adults are now viewed as assets in terms of work ethic, reliability, accuracy, and stability. However, myths about aging still arc present and some workplace supervisors(监督者)still are unsure that hiring older workers is a sound investment. Older Workers are also asking more of the workplace and asserting their right to make decisions to return or remain in the workplace based on availability of training, need to be engaged, or desire to develop a second career. Older workers are becoming entrepreneurs, beginning new businesses and hiring other older workers. Managers are advised to create meaningful work and to consider the role of work in the lifestyle. of an older adult.
There is a trend toward providing increasing career development opportunities for older workers. Career development programs for older adults are a worthwhile societal investment. Community colleges and community agencies are taking a role in providing advocacy for employment, counseling, and development of new workplace skills. Partnerships among community agencies, educational institutions, and employers are suggested as an integrated approach to retraining and for providing reentry for older workers. The continued skill development of older workers can provide workplaces wi
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
It's a brand new world—a world built around brands. Hard-charging, noise-making, culture-shaping brands are everywhere. They're on supermarket shelves, of course, but also in business plans for network company startups and in the names of sports complexes. Brands are infiltrating (渗透) people's everyday lives—by sticking their logos on clothes, in concert programs, on subway station walls, even in elementary school classrooms.
We live in an age in which CBS newscasters wear Nike jackets on the air, in which Burger King and McDonald's open kiosks (小亭) in elementary school lunchrooms. But as brands reach (and then overreach) into every aspect of our lives, the companies behind them invite more questions, deeper scrutiny—and an inevitable backlash by consumers.
"Our intellectual lives and our public spaces are being taken over by marketing and that has real implications for citizenship," says author and activist Naomi Klien. "It's important for any healthy culture to have public space—a place where people are treated as citizens instead of as consumers. We've completely lost that space."
Since the mid-1980s, as more and more companies have shifted from being about products to being about ideas, Starbucks isn't selling coffee; it's selling community! Those companies have poured more and more resources into marketing campaigns.
To pay for those campaigns, those same companies figured out ways to cut costs elsewhere, for example, by using contract labor at home and low-wage labor in developing countries. Contract laborers are hired on a temporary, per-assignment basis, and employers have no obligation to provide any benefit (such as health insurance) or long-term job security. This saves companies money but obviously puts workers in vulnerable situations. In the United States, contract labor has given rise to so-called McJobs, which employers and workers alike pretend are temporary—even though these jobs are usually held by adults who are trying to support families.
The massive expansion of marketing campaigns in the 1980s coincided with the reduction of government spending for schools and for museums. This made those institutions much too willing, even eager, to partner with private companies. But companies took advantage of the needs of those institutions, reaching too far, and overwhelming the civic space with their marketing agendas.
How can brands infiltrate people's daily life？
A．By having their logos printed in people' clothes.
B．By having their brands reaching in primary schools.
C．By finding means to put their products on supermarket shelves.
D．By putting relative information of their products on public places.
Highway congestion, the high cost of office space, federal clean-air laws, reduced work forces, and lifestyle. needs—all these factors contribute to the growth of telecommuting. What makes it possible is technology. Desktop and laptop personal computers, networking, videoconferencing, fax machines, E-mail, and multiple phone lines provide the fast and efficient communication required for telecommuting.
The experiences of many companies suggest that telecommuting can increase workplace flexibility and enhance productivity. At Georgia Power Company, for example, a pilot telecommuting project was so successful that the company decided to triple its number of telecommuters. The company reduced the cost of leased office space by $100,000 a year, increased productivity among the telecommuting employees of its customer service center, and saved the workers a combined 750 commuter miles a day.
Telecommuting, however, is not without its obstacles. At one computer software firm, the information systems manager offered telecommuting as an option to her 100-person staff. After three months, the staff members reported that being away from the office was counterproductive to their work. Programmers missed being able to drop by analysts cubicles with questions, and everyone re-ported they were interrupted at home more often. As part of its cost-cutting initiative, Nestle required 140 sales employees to telecommute. Facing many technical problems with telephone lines and frustratingly slow computer networking, most of these telecommuters found it an annoying experience. Telecommuting also makes many employees feel isolated and out of touch, leading to decreased motivation and less, not more productivity. By blurring the barriers between work and family, telecommuting often leads to more work hours and more interference with family life.
Telecommuting is not universally applicable. Jobs and individuals must be suitable, and staff must be capable of managing telecommuters. In addition, technological improvements, such as high-speed modems, are crucial. Few people expect to conduct business regularly from a tropical island or mountain resort any time soon.
In the passage, the author introduces his topic by
A．explaining a phenomenon.
B．raising an argument.
C．posing a contrast.
D．using an example.
警告：系统检测到您的账号存在安全风险
为了保护您的账号安全，请在“简答题”公众号进行验证，点击“官网服务”-“账号验证”后输入验证码“”完成验证，验证成功后方可继续查看答案！
