题目内容
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NERVE: SENSATION::
A．stalk : plant
B．incident : correspondent
C．antenna : signal
D．telephone: receiver
E．milk : cheese
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更多“NERVE: SENSATION::A．stalk : plantB．incident : correspondentC．antenna : signalD．telephone:”相关的问题
A、Sural nerve
B、Tibial nerve
C、Common fibular nerve
D、Superficial fibular nerve
A．Innate reactions to smells do not include the stimulation of the trigeminal nerve per say.
B．Only smells which have not previously been paired with emotional experiences trigger innate reaction.
C．Irritating smells are the only ones which are considered likely to produce innate, or unlearned, reactions.
D．Most subjects can distinguish between pure odor sensation and trigeminal nerve sensation enough to determine which reactions are innate.
E．Innate reactions are produced when the trigeminal nerve catalyzes an emotional experience.
A．different modes of sensation might be correlated with the discharge of specific kinds of nervous energy
B．nerve cell units conduct essentially homogeneous impulses through homogeneous cerebral tissue
C．the mental experiences produced by sensory nerve impulses are determined by the cortical area activated
D．quality of the impulse or its conduction was influenced by the different modes of sensation
A、facial nerve
B、cervical nerves
C、maxillary nerve
D、mandibular nerve
A、Damage to branches of the mental nerve
B、Damage to branches of the inftaorbital nerve
C、Damage to branches of the facial nerve
D、Damage to branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve
E、Damage to branches of the hypoglossal nerve
Near the turn of the century, it had been suggested by Hering that different modes of sensation, such as pain, taste, and color, might be correlated with the discharge of specific kinds of nervous energy. However, subsequently developed methods of recording and analyzing nerve potentials failed to reveal any such qualitative diversity. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types: however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its conduction was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits. Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view, namely, that nerve impulses were essentially homogeneous in quality and were transmitted as "common currency" throughout the nervous system. According to his theory, it is not the quality of the sensory nerve impulses that determines the diverse conscious sensations they produce, but rather the different areas of the brain into which they discharge, and there is some evidence for this view. In one experiment, when an electric stimulus was applied to a given sensory field of the cerebral cortex of a conscious human subject, it produced a sensation of the appropriate modality for that particular locus, that is, a visual sensation from the visual cortex, an auditory sensation from the auditory cortex, and so on. Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size, number, arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells, but as far as psychoneural correlations were concerned, the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences.
However, cortical locus, in itself, turned out to have little explanatory value. Studies showed that sensations as diverse as those of red, black, green, and white, or touch, cold, warmth, movement, pain, cortical areas. What seemed to remain was some kind of differential patterning effects in the brain excitation: it is the difference in the central distribution of impulses that counts. In short, brain theory suggested a correlation between mental experience and the activity of relatively homogeneous nerve cell units conducting essentially homogeneous impulses through homogeneous cerebral tissue. To match the multiple dimensions of mental experience psychologists could only point to a limitless variation in the spatiotemporal patterning of nerve impulses.
From paragraph 1 we can learn that by 1950, ______.
A．scientists have reached a consensus on the relationship between brain processes and mental experience
B．variations in nerve cells are proved to be significantly correlated with mental experience
C．attempts to correlate mental experience with brain processes have been viewed with pessimism
D．scientists are indifferent to the manifold dimensions of mental experience
SECTION 3
Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.
Are responses to odors acquired as a function of the emotional context in
which they are initially perceived？ Researchers recently conducted a study in
which a novel odor was paired with either a positive or negative emotional
experience. Ratings associated with the test odor varied in accordance with the
(5) paired emotion, such that the odor was perceived as either congenial or
noisome, depending upon the quality of paired experience the participant had.
Olfactory sensory attributes may produce an unlearned impact when odors
are irritating; in these cases discomfort is experienced simultaneously to odor
sensation, an event occurring when stimulation of the trigeminal nerve occurs
(10) coterminous with olfactory sensation. Many odors elicit trigeminal stimulation
to varying degrees, so that the subjective distinction between pure odor and
trigeminal irritation is not possible to make, though scientists have precipitously
ventured to suggest methods. While these cases may help explain why one may
be immediately repelled by a certain scent, they unfortunately do not allow most
(15) scientists to establish which smells trigger innate reactions.
According to the passage, which of the following can be inferred about the role of the trigeminal nerve in the experience of odors？
A．The trigeminal nerve plays a much more significant role in the experience of an irritating odor than does actual olfactory sensation itself.
B．The trigeminal nerve produces a negative experience of an irritating odor independently of the emotional context in which the odor was initially perceived.
C．The trigeminal nerve tends to cause an experience of discomfort in the cases of odors that are initially paired with negative emotional experiences.
D．The functioning of the trigeminal nerve tends to be largely conditioned according to the pairing process simulated in the experiment.
E．The trigeminal nerve generally does not play a role in the experiencing of odors that create innate reactions.
The passage is primarily concerned with
A．analyzing ways that enzymes and other chemicals influence how the body feels pain.
B．describing the presence of endorphins in the brain and discussing ways the body blocks pain within the brain itself.
C．describing how pain signals are conveyed in the body and discussing ways in which the pain signals can be blocked.
D．demonstrating that pain can be influenced by acupuncture and electrical stimulation of the central brain stem.
E．differentiating the kinds of pain that occur at different points in the body" s nervous system.
A、A. Perception
B、B. Interpretation
C、C. Sensation
D、D. Selection
A. confusion B. disappointment C. sensation D. fulfillment
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