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提问人：网友ningjing 发布时间：2022-01-07
[主观题]

1 LAND, Switzerland, May 12 - The world's cod stocks could be wiped out by 2020 because of

overfishing, illegal catches and oil exploration, the World Wildlife Fund says.

2 In a report to be released on Thursday, the environmental group said the world's largest remaining cod stock, in the Barents Sea, was under particular threat.

3 The world's cod fisheries are disappearing fast, with a global catch that declined to 1 million tons in 2000, from 3.42 million tons in 1970, the report said.

4 "If such a trend continues, the world's cod stocks will disappear in 15 years time," it said.

5 In North America, the catch has declined by 90 percent since the early 1980's, while in European waters, the catch of North Sea cod is now just 25 percent of what it was two decades ago.

6 "Overfishing of cod continues because fisheries policies are driven by short-term economic interests," said Simon Cripps, head of the group's oceans program.

7 The Barents Sea, north of Norway and Russia, is one of the world's richest fishing grounds, accounting for half the global cod catch. But although numbers there appear healthy, this may not last, the World Wildlife Fund said.

8 High fishing quotas for 2004 are unsustainable, the group maintained. Some 110,000 tons of cod are also believed to be caught there illegally every year, further denting stocks, it said.

9 "The onus is on Russia and Norway to prevent the Barents Sea cod stock suffering a similar fate as the Canadian cod stock, which collapsed in the 1990's and has not yet recovered," Mr. Cripps said.

10 The World Wildlife Fund said it believed that Barents Sea cod were also threatened by expanded shipping and oil exploration plans.

11 on Tuesday, the Norwegian authorities said the potentially oil-rich sea would be reopened for exploration, after a pause to address environmental concerns about protecting the fragile ecosystem in Arctic waters.

12 Russia, meanwhile, is planning to bolster shipping by developing a new export route via its ice-free, deep-water port of Murmansk, which would give supertankers an economical route to transport oil to the East Coast of the United States.

The principle idea of the article is ______.

A．the factors affecting cod stocks

B．that Barents Sea cod are threatened

C．that Wildlife Fund sees threat to cod stocks

D．how to save cod stock from diminishing

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更多“1 LAND, Switzerland, May 12 - The world's cod stocks could be wiped out by 2020 because of”相关的问题
第1题
Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each p

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.

听力原文： Switzerland is a land well-known for its beautiful landscape and people generally tend to associate Switzerland with mountains and mountain scenery.

But Switzerland is more than just a land of mountains. It is a country of highly intelligent, resourceful and hardworking people.

The Swiss manufacture precision instruments such as watches, calculators and other specialized goods like typewriters, sewing machines, turbines and generators which are sold to other countries.

They are also able to produce those goods which do not need huge amounts of raw materials. Most of the raw materials used in industry are imported from other countries.

As Switzerland has no sea coast, it has to pay heavily for imported raw materials which have to be sent over long distances and rocky land. For this reason the Swiss are interested only in producing precision products like watches, cameras, and other types of goods which make use of their skill and craftsmanship.

The well-known Swiss watch industry is a good example of this. Small amounts of raw materials are needed but a great deal of skill and precision is needed to produce a little item with so many minute parts.

Foodstuffs, especially milk products, are also processed and exported. Swiss cheese, butter, chocolate and condensed milk are popular in many countries. Swiss exports are sent by rail to neighbouring countries. But, for its overseas business, Switzerland has special arrangements with foreign ports like Amsterdam, Genoa and Rotterdam, through which Swiss goods are exported.

(27)

A．Small amounts of raw materials and little skill.

B．Huge amounts of raw materials but little skill.

C．Small amounts of raw materials but great workmanship and skill.

D．Large amounts of raw materials and skill and craftsmanship.

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第2题
Switzerland lies at the heart of Europe. To its west is France, to the north is Germany, t
o the east lies Austria and to the south, Italy. All of these countries have had an influence on Switzerland' s history, culture and language.

Switzerland covers an area of 41,288 square km. Its magnificent mountains and lakes draw many visitors each year, and it is famous around the world for its clock- and watch-making industries, its chocolate, its cheese and its banking system.

Some 70 percent of the land area of Switzerland is mountainous. This has made the country difficult to invade and is one of the reasons why it has avoided the angry territorial wars that have plagued other countries in Europe. It has not been involved in a foreign war since the year 1515 and has maintained an armed neutrality since 1815. Individuals have traditionally offered their services to the armies of other countries. Swiss mercenaries have gained a reputation for discipline and have been well paid for their services.

The snow-capped Alps is the highest mountain region in Europe and is popular with climbers and hill walkers, who come to the area in summer. The Alps dominates the central and southern part of the country and is home to Europe' s highest mountain, Mont Blanc. The less dramatic Jura Mountains lie to the northwest. In between these two mountainous areas lies the central Swiss plateau, which is about 50 km wide and runs from southwest to northeast. The major urban centers are situated here, on the shores of Switzerland' s major lakes. They include the capital city of Bern, the largest city, Zurich, and the major cultural, financial and manufacturing center of Geneva. The cities of Basel and Lausanne are also important manufacturing centers.

Most people in Switzerland live in small towns, despite the importance of the cities. People who live in the countryside and in the alpine valleys work mainly on small family farms, rearing sheep, goats, pigs, cows and chickens and growing such crops as wheat, potatoes, apples and pears. The land is generally poor, however, and the climate is not favorable to agriculture on a large scale. Switzerland must import most of its food.

The Swiss have made good use of their country's scant natural resources. Many rivers and mountain waterfalls have been harnessed to provide cheap hydroelectric power, although there are also several nuclear power stations. Switzerland's heavily forested hills and mountain slopes provide timber and furniture industries, and also for paper pulp. Much of its milk output is turned into Swiss "mousetrap" cheese, famous for its holes and its distinctive flavor.

Zurich is______in Switzerland.

A．the largest city

B．the financial center

C．a manufacturing center

D．famous for its cheese

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第3题
The basic flag of the United States is one of the world's oldest national flags. Only the
basic flags of Austria, Denmark, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland are older.

During the discovery and settlement of what is now the United States, the flags of various European nations were flown over the land, as symbols of possession. Later, in the Colonial and Revolutionary War periods, flags representing famous persons, places, and events were flown in the American Colonies(殖民地).

The first official flag of the United States was created by Congress(国会) on June 14,1777. It consisted of 13 alternate (交替的) red and white stripes (条) and 13 white stars in a field of blue, representing the 13 colonies that had declared their independence in 1776.

The basic flag of the United States is ______.

A．the oldest national flag in the world

B．one of the world's oldest flags

C．the most beautiful flag in the West

D．as old as the basic flags of some European nations

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第4题
Part 1 Fill in the blanks with the help of the first letter（s) 1. Switzerland is surrounded by four neighbors, na_______ France, Germany, Austria and Italy.
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第5题
The basic flag of the United States is one of the world's oldest national flags. Only the
basic flags of Austria, Denmark, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland are older.

During the discovery and settlement of what is now the United States, the flags of various European nations were flown over the land, as symbols of possession. Later, in the Colonial (殖民的) and Revolutionary War periods, flags representing famous persons, places, and events were flown in the American Colonies.

The first official flag of the United States was created by Congress (国会) on June 14, 1777. It consisted of 13 alternate red and white stripes and 13 white stars in a field of blue, representing the 13 colonies that had declared their independence in 1776. Congress adopted a new flag of 15 stars and 15 stripes in 1795, to give representation to the two new states admitted into the Union, Vermont and Kentucky.

By 1817, there were 20 states in the Union, and it became app.arent that adding one stripe for each new state would destroy the shape of the flag. As a result, Congress in 1818 restored the original design of 13 stripes and provided that each state was to be represented by one star. In 1912 President William H. Taft made the first official provision for the arrangement of the stars. He ordered that there be six even rows of eight stars each. Previously the arrangement of the stars had been left to the flagmaker's desire.

The evolution of the Stars and Stripes reflects the growth of the United States. After the admission of Hawaii into the Union in 1959, the flag was officially changed for the 26th time since its creation.

There are many government flags flown in the United States in addition to the national's flag. Among them are the president's and vice -president's flags and those of the federal departments and some federal agencies. Each state in the Union has an official flag.

Why were only the flags of various European nations flown over the land, during the discovery and settlement period？

A．Because the flags were older than the national flag of the U. S.

B．Because the land was divided by these nations.

C．Because there was no universal flag over the land.

D．We don't know from the passage.

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第6题
Every day millions of letters go from one country to another. Letters mailed in Italy are
received in Japan. Letters mailed in Canada are received in Africa. On the letters are many different kinds of stamps, brought in different countries.

The Universal Postal Union(万国邮政联盟) helps each letter get to the fight place as quickly as possible. It sets up rules about the size and weight of letters, postcards, and small packages. It has rules that all countries must follow about international postal rates.

One hundred years ago, international mail did not move so smoothly. One country did not always accept another country's letters. Letters from some countries were too large to fit into the mailboxes of other countries. Letters traveled by many different routes. Some were lost along the way.

Sometimes the person who sent the letter could pay only part of the postage. The person receiving the letter had to pay the rest. The United States was the first to suggest that all countries work together to settle the questions of international mail. In 1847, men from twenty-four countries met in Switzer

land to form. the Universal Postal Union. Today, more than 120 nations belong to this union. From its office in Switzerland, the union helps the mail to move safely and quickly around the world.

This passage is mainly about _______.

A．different kinds of stamps in different countries

B．an organization that makes rules

C．international mail

D．the size and weight of letters

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第7题
Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by som

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

The basic flag of the United States is one of the world' s oldest national flags. Only the basic flags of Austria, Denmark, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland are older. During the discovery and settlement of what is now the United States the flags of various European nations were flown over the land, as symbols of possession. Later, in the colonial and Revolutionary War periods, flags representing famous persons, places, and events were flown in the American Colonies.

The first official flag of the United States was created by Congress on June 14, 1777. It consisted of 13 alternate red and white stripes and 13 white stars in a field of blue, representing the 13 colonies that had declared their independence in 1776. Congress adopted a new flag of 15 stars and 15 stripes in 1795, to give representation to the two new states admitted into the Union, Vermont and Kentucky.

By 1817, there were 20 states in the Union, and it became apparent that adding one stripe for each new state would destroy the shape of the flag. As a result, Congress in 1818 restored the original design of 13 stripes and provided that each state was to be represented by one star. In 1912 President William H. Taft made the first official provision for the arrangement of the stars. He ordered that there be six even rows of eight stars each. Previously the arrangement of the stars had been left to the flag maker's desire. The evolution of the stars and stripes reflects the growth of the United States. After the admission of Hawaii into the Union in 1959, the flag was officially changed for the 26th time since its creation.

There are many government flags flown in the United States in addition to the national flag. Among them are the president' s and vice-president' s flags and those of the federal departments and some federal agencies. Each state in the Union has an official flag. The United States Navy used special flags for signaling.

Why were only the flags of various European nations flown over the land during the discovery and settlement period？

A．Because the flags were older than the national flag of the U. S.

B．Because the land was divided by these nations.

C．Because there was no universal flag over the land.

D．We don't know from the passage.

点击查看答案
第8题
Most of-us are used to seasons. Each year, spring follows winter, which follows au-tumn, w
hich follows summer, which follows spring. And winter is colder than summer.But the earth goes through temperature cycles over much longer periods than those that we experience. Between 65,000 and 35,000 years ago, the planet was much colder than it is now. During that time the temperature also changed a lot, with periods of warming and cooling. Ice melted during the warm periods, which made sea levels rise. Water froze again during the cold periods.

A new study from Switzerland sheds light on where ice sheets melted during the ice age. It now seems that the ice melted at both ends of the earth, rather than just in ei-ther northern or southern regions.

This surprised the researchers from the University of Bern. Scientists have long assumed that most of the ice that melted was in the Northern hemisphere (半球) during the 30,000-year long ice age. That belief was held because the North Pole is surrounded by land, while the South Pole is surrounded by the Antarctic Ocean. It is easier for ice sheets to grow on land. If surrounded by sea the ice can easily just slip into the ocean instead of building up.

The researchers used a computer model to look at ways the ice could melt and how it might affect sea levels. They compared these results to evidence of how temperatures and currents actually changed during that time. The model showed that if it was only in the Northern hemisphere that ice melted, there would have been a bigger impact (影响) on ocean currents (洋流) and sea temperatures than what actually happened. Studies suggest that melting just in the Southern hemisphere would have been impossible, too. The only reasonable conclusion, the scientists could make, was that ice melted equally in the North and the South.

It is still a mystery as to what caused the temperature changes that caused the ice to melt.

The North Pole is surrounded by land, while the South Pole is surrounded by the Antarctic Ocean. So scientists thought that ______.

A．most of the ice melted in the Northern hemisphere

B．most of the ice melted in the Southern hemisphere

C．The North Pole is colder than the South Pole

D．The South Pole is colder than the North Pole

点击查看答案
第9题
Most of us are used to seasons. Each year, spring follows winter, which follows autumn, wh
ich follows summer, which follows spring. And winter is colder than summer. But the earth goes through temperature cycles over much longer periods than those that we experience. Between 65,000 and 35,000 years ago, the planet was much colder than it is now. During that time the temperature also changed a lot, with periods of warming and cooling. Ice melted during the warm periods, which made sea levels rise. Water froze again during the cold periods.

A new study from Switzerland, sheds light on (使某事清楚明白地显示) where ice sheets (冰川) melted during the ice age. It now seems that the ice melted at both ends of the earth, rather than just in either northern or southern regions (区域).

This surprised the researchers from the University of Bern (伯恩大学). Scientists have long assumed (假设) that most of the ice that melted was in the Northern hemisphere (半球) during the 30,000 year long ice age. That belief was held because the North Pole is surrounded by land, while the South Pole is surrounded by the Antarctic Ocean. It is easier for ice sheets to grow on land. If surrounded by sea the ice can easily just slip into the ocean instead of building up.

The researchers used a computer model to look at ways the ice could melt and how it might affect sea levels. They compared these results to evidence (证据) of how temperatures and currents actually changed during that time. The model showed that if it was only in the Northern hemisphere that ice melted, there would have been a bigger impact (影响) on ocean currents (流) and sea temperatures than what actually happened. Studies suggest that melting just in the Southern hemisphere would have been impossible, too. The only reasonable conclusion, the scientists could make, was that ice melted equally in the North and the South.

It is still a mystery (神秘的事物) as to what caused the temperature changes that caused the ice to melt.

The North Pole is surrounded by land, while the South Pole is surrounded by the Antarctic Ocean. So scientists thought that______.

A．most of the ice melted in the Northern hemisphere

B．most of the ice melted in the Southern hemisphere

C．The North Pole is colder than the South Pole

D．The South Pole is colder than the North Pole

点击查看答案
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