题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
During one's REM stage ______.
A．no other body functions but stomach contractions and hormone secretion take place
B．his body move restlessly
C．his body as well as his mind can get good rest
D．he might walk into a graphic dreamland
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更多“During one's REM stage ______.A．no other body functions but stomach contractions and hormo”相关的问题
根据以下内容，回答下列各题。 Researchers have found that REM (rapid eye movement) sleep is important to human beings．This type of sleep generally occurs four or five times during one night of sleep lasting five minutes to forty minutes for each occurrence．The deeper a person’s sleep becomes, the longer the periods of rapid eye movement． There are physical charges in the body to show that a person has changed from NREM (non-rapid eye movement) to REM sleep．Breathing becomes faster, the heart rate increases, and, as the name implies, the eyes begin to move quickly． Accompanying these physical changes in the body is a very important characteristic of REM sleep．It is during REM sleep that a person dreams． According to the passage, how often does REM sleep occur in one night？
A.Once
B.Twice
C.Four of five times
D.Forty times
Sleep
Sleep is one of those funny things about being a human being -- you just have' to do it. Have you ever wondered why？ And what about the crazy dreams, like the one where a bad per son is chasing you and you can't run or yell. Does that make any sense？
Characteristics of Sleep
When we see someone sleeping, we recognize the following characteristics:
If possible, the person will lie down to go to sleep.
The person's eyes are closed.
The person doesn't hear anything unless it is a loud noise.
The person breathes in a slow, rhythmic pattern.
The person's muscles are completely relaxed. If sitting up, the person may fall out of his or her chair as sleep deepens.
During sleep, the person occasionally rolls over or rearranges his or her body. This happens approximately once or twice an hour. This may be ,the body's way of making sure that no part of the body or skin has its circulation cut off for too long a period of time.
In addition to these outward signs, the heart slows down and the brain does some pretty funky things.
In other words, a sleeping person is unconscious to most things happening in the environment. The biggest difference between someone who is asleep and someone who has fainted or gone into a coma is the fact that a sleeping person can be aroused if the stimulus is strong enough. If you shake the person, yell loudly or flash a bright light, a sleeping person will wake up.
Who Sleeps？
Reptiles(爬行动物), birds and mammals(哺乳动物)all sleep. That is, they become unconscious to their surroundings for periods of time. Some fish and amphibians reduce their aware ness but do not ever become unconscious like the higher vertebrates do. Insects do not appear to sleep, although they may become inactive in daylight or darkness.
By studying brainwaves, it is known that reptiles do not dream. Birds dream a little. Mammals all dream' during sleep.
Different animals sleep in different ways. Some animals, like humans, prefer to sleep in one long session. Other animals like to sleep in many short bursts. Some Sleep at night, while others sleep during the day.
Sleep and the Brain
If you attach an electroencephalograph to a person's head, you can record the person's brainwave activity. An awake and relaxed person generates alpha waves, which are consistent oscillations at about 10 cycles per second. An alert person generates beta waves, which are a bout twice as fast.
During sleep, two slower patterns called theta waves and delta waves take over. Theta waves have oscillations in the range of 3.5 to 7 cycles per second, and delta waves have oscillations of less than 3. 5 cycles per second. As a person falls asleep and sleep deepens, the brain wave patterns slow down. A person deep in delta wave sleep is hardest to wake up.
REM Sleep
At several points during the night, something unexpected happens -- rapid eye movement(REM)sleep occurs. Most people experience three to five intervals of REM sleep per night, and brainwaves during this period speed up to awake levels. If you ever watch a person or a dog experiencing REM sleep, you will see their eyes flickering back and forth rapidly. In many dogs and some people, arms, legs and facial muscles will twitch during REM sleep. Periods of sleep other than REM sleep are known as NREM(non-REM)sleep.
REM sleep is when you dream. If you wake up a person during REM sleep, the person can vividly recall dreams. If you wake up a person during NREM sleep, generally the person .will not be dreaming.
You must have both REM and NREM sleep to get a good night's sleep. A normal person will spend about 25 percent of the night in REM sleep, and the rest in NREM. A REM session -- a dream -- lasts five to 30 minutes.
When You Miss Som
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
Researchers have found that REM (rapid eye movement) sleep is important to human beings. This type of sleep generally occurs four or five times during one night of sleep lasting five minutes to forty minutes for each occurrence. The deeper a person&39;s sleep becomes, ~the longer the periods of rapid eye movement.
There are physical charges in the body to show that a person has changed from NREM(non-rapid eye movement) to REM sleep. Breathing becomes faster, the heart rate increases, and, as the name implies, the eyes begin to move quickly.
Accompanying these physical changes in the body is a very important characteristic of REM sleep. It is during REM sleep that a person dreams.
1、According to the passage,, how often does REM sleep occur in one night？ __________
A.Once
B.Twice
C.Four or five times
D.Forty times
The word "deeper" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to which of the following？ __________A.heavier.
B.louder.
C.stronger.
D.Happier.
Which of the following shows that a person is NOT dreaming in his sleep？__________A.His eyes begin to move.
B.His breathing-becomes faster.
C.His heart rate increases.
D.His eyes stop moving.
The subject of this passage is__________.A.why people sleep
B.the human need for REM sleep
C.the characteristic of REM sleep
D.physical changes in the human body
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！
Sleep
Sleep is one of those funny things about being a human being—you just have to do it. Have you ever wondered why？ And what about the crazy dreams, tike the one where a bad person is chasing you and you can't run or yell. Does that make any sense？
Characteristics of Sleep
We all know how sleep looks—when we see someone sleeping, we recognize the following characteristics:
-If possible, the person will lie down to go to sleep.
-The person's eyes are closed.
-The person doesn't hear anything unless it is a loud noise.
-The person breathes in a slow, rhythmic pattern.
-The person's muscles are completely relaxed. If sitting up, the person may fall out of his or her chair as sleep deepens.
-During sleep, the person occasionally rolls over or rearranges his or her body. This happens approximately once or twice an hour. This may be the body's way of making sure that no part of the body or skin has its circulation cut off for too long a period of time.
In addition to these outward signs, the heart slows down and the brain does some pretty frightening things.
In other words, a sleeping person is unconscious to most things happening in the environment. The biggest difference between someone who is asleep and someone who has fainted or gone into a coma is the fact that a sleeping person can be aroused if the stimulus is strong enough. If you shake the person, yell loudly or flash a bright light, a sleeping person will wake up.
For any animal living in the wild, it just doesn't seem very smart to design in a necessary eight-hour period of near-total unconsciousness every day. Yet that is exactly what evolution has done. So there must be a pretty good reason for it!
Who Sleeps？
Reptiles(爬行动物), birds and mammals all sleep. That is, they become unconscious to their surroundings for periods of time. Some fish and amphibians reduce their awareness but do not ever become unconscious like the higher vertebrates(脊椎动物) do. Insects do not appear to sleep, although they may become inactive in daylight or darkness.
By studying brainwaves, it is known that reptiles do not dream. Birds dream a little. Mammals all dream during sleep.
Different animals sleep in different ways. Some animals, like humans, prefer to sleep in one long session. Other animals (dogs, for example) like to sleep in many short bursts. Some sleep at night, while others sleep during the day.
Sleep and the Brain
If you attach an electroencephalograph(脑电图仪) to a person's head, you can record the person's brainwave activity. A waking and relaxed person generates alpha waves, which are consistent vibrations at about 10 cycles per second. An alert person generates beta waves, which are about twice as fast.
During sleep, two slower patterns called theta waves and delta waves take over. Theta waves have oscillations in the range of 3.5 to 7 cycles per second, and delta waves have oscillations of less than 3.5 cycles per second. As a person falls asleep and sleep deepens, the brainwave patterns slow down. The slower the brainwave patterns, the deeper the sleep—a person deep in delta wave sleep is hardest to wake up.
REM Sleep
At several points during the night, something unexpected happens—rapid eye movement (REM) sleep occurs. Most people experience three to five intervals of REM sleep per night, and brainwaves during this period speed up to awake levels. If you ever watch a person or a dog experiencing REM sleep, you will see their eyes flickering back and forth rapidly. In many dogs and some people, arms, legs and facial muscles will twitch(抽搐) during REM sleep. Periods of sleep other than REM sleep are known as NREM (non-REM) sleep.
REM sleep is when you dream, ff
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
Although some people insist that they do not dream at all, researchers say that all people dream unless they consume alcohol or take drugs that suppress REM sleep. Are dreaming and REM sleep essentially one and the same？ Some researchers have questioned an assumption
long held by some sleep experts that dreaming is simply the brain's effort to make sense of the random firing of neurons that occurs during REM sleep. Are the brain mechanisms responsible for REM sleep the same ones that create the rich dream world we experience？ The answer may be no. It is known that dreams do occur outside of REM sleep. Moreover, the REM state can exist without dreams. These two facts suggest that different but complementary brain mechanisms are responsible for REM sleep and the dreaming that normally occurs within it. There is mounting evidence, says British researcher Mark Solms, that dreaming and REM sleep, while normally occurring together, are not one and the same. Rather, the REM state is controlled by neural mechanisms in the brain stem, while areas farther up in the forebrain provide the common pathway that gives us the complex and often vivid mental experiences we call dreams.
Other researchers suggest that REM sleep aids in information processing, helping people sift through daily experience to organize and store in memory information that is relevant to them. Animal studies provide strong evidence for a relationship between REM sleep and learning. Some studies have revealed that animals increase their REM sleep following learning sessions. Other studies have indicated that when animals are deprived of REM sleep after new learning, their performance of the learned task is impaired the following day. But depriving subjects of NREM sleep had no such effect in the studies.
Research has shown that REM sleep serves an information-processing function in humans and is involved in the consolidation of memories after human learning. Researchers found that research participants learning a new perceptual skill showed an improvement in performance, with no additional practice, eight to ten hours later if they had a normal night's sleep or if the researchers disturbed only their NREM sleep. Performance did not improve, however, in those who were deprived of REM sleep.
There is no doubt that REM sleep serves an important function, even if psychologists do not know precisely what that function is. The fact that newborns have such a high percentage of REM sleep has led to the conclusion that REM sleep is necessary for maturation of the brain in infants. Furthermore, when people are deprived of REM sleep as a result of general sleep loss or illness, they will make up for the loss by getting an increased amount of REM sleep after the deprivation. This increase in the percentage of REM sleep to make up for REM deprivation is called a "REM rebound." Because the intensity of REM sleep is increased during a REM rebound, nightmares often occur.
Why does the author state "The answer may be no" in paragraph 2？
A．To introduce a theory that REM sleep and dreams are not necessarily connected.
B．To contrast dreaming before and after REM sleep.
C．To explain why dreaming and REM sleep are essentially the same.
D．To suggest that more dreams occur inside REM sleep than outside it.
Researchers have found that REM(rapid eye movement)sleep is important to human beings. This type of sleep generally occurs four or five times during one night of sleep lasting five minutes to forty minutes for each occurrence. The deeper a persons sleep becomes, the longer the periods of rapid eye movement. There are physical changes in the body to show that a person has changed from NREM(non-rapid eye movement)to REM sleep. Breathing becomes faster, the heart rate increases, and, as the name implies, the eyes begin to move quickly. Accompanying these physical changes in the body there is a very important characteristic of REM sleep. It is during REM sleep that a person dreams.
According to the passage, how often does REM sleep occur in one night？
A．Once.
B．Twice.
C．Four or five times.
D．Forty times.
To tell the difference, it is necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping person, and that is hard. But after a decade of painstaking work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege University in Belgium has managed to do it. The particular stage of sleep in which the Belgian group is interested is rapid eye movement(REM)sleep, when brain and body are active, heart rate and blood pressure increase, the eyes move back and forth behind the eyelids as if watching a movie, and brainwave traces resemble those of wakefulness. It is during this period of sleep that people are most likely to relive events of the previous day in dreams.
Dr. Maquet used an electronic device called PET to study the brains of people as they practiced a task during the day, and as they slept during the following night. The task required them to press a button as fast as possible, in response to a light coming on in one of six positions. As they learnt how to do this, their response times got faster. What they did not know was that the appearance of the lights sometimes followed a pattern—what is referred to as “artificial grammar”. Yet the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when the pattern was present than when there was not.
What is more, those with more to learn(i. e. the“grammar”, as well as the mechanical task of pushing the button)have more active brains. The“editing”theory would not predict that, since the number of irrelevant stimuli would be the same in each case. And to eliminate any doubts that the experimental subjects were learning as opposed to unlearning, their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to sleep.
The team, therefore, concluded that the nerve connections involved in memory are reinforced through reactivation during REM sleep, particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the material being learnt. So now, on the eve of that crucial test, maths students can sleep soundly in the knowledge that what they will remember the next day are the basic rules of algebra and not the incoherent talk from the radio next door.
Researchers in behavioral psychology are divided with regard to______．
A．how dreams are modified in their courses
B．the difference between sleep and wakefulness
C．why sleep is of great benefit to memory
D．the functions of a good night's sleep
To tell the difference, it is necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping person, and that is hard. But after a decade of painstaking work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege University in Belgium has managed to do it. The particular stage of sleep in which the Belgian group is interested in is rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, when brain and body are active, heart rate and blood pressure increase, the eyes move back and forth behind the eyelids as ff watching a movie, and brainwave traces resemble those of wakefulness. It is during this period of sleep that people are most likely to relive events of the previous day in dreams.
Dr. Maquet used an electronic device called PET to study the brains of people as they practiced a task during the day, and as they slept during the following night. The task required them to press a button as fast as possible, in response to a light coming on in one of six positions. As they learnt how to do this, their response times got faster. What they did not know was that the appearance of the lights sometimes followed a pattern--what is referred to as "artificial grammar". Yet the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when the pattern was present than when there was not.
What is more, those with more to learn (i. e., the "grammar", as well as the mechanical task of pushing the button) have more active brains. The "editing" theory would not predict that, since the number of irrelevant stimuli would be the same in each case. And to eliminate any doubts that the experimental subjects were learning as opposed to unlearning, their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to sleep.
The team, therefore, concluded that the nerve connections involved in memory are reinforced through reactivation during REM sleep, particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the material being learnt. So now, on the eve of that crucial test, maths students can sleep soundly in the knowledge that what they will remember the next day are the basic rules of algebra and not the incoherent talk from the radio next door.
Researchers in behavioral psychology are divided with regard to ______ .
A．how dreams are modified in their courses
B．the difference between sleep and wakefulness
C．why sleep is of great benefit to memory
D．the functions of a good night's sleep
根据下面材料，回答题。
What Should We Do before We Have a Test
Before a big exam, a sound night&39;s sleep will do you more good than poring over textbooks.
That, at least, is the folk wisdom. And science, in the form. of behavioral psychology, supports that wisdom. But such behavioral studies cannot distinguish between two competing theories of why sleep is good for the memory. One says that sleep is when permanent memories form. The other says that they are actually formed during the day, but then "edited" at night, to flush away what is superfluous.
To tell the difference, it is necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping person, and that is hard. But after a decade of painstaking work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege University in Belgium has managed to do it. The particular stage of sleep in which the Belgian group is interested in is rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, when brain and body are active, heart rate and blood pressure increase, the eyes move back and forth behind the eyelids as if watching a movie,and brainwave traces resemble those of wakefulness. It is during this period of sleep that people are
most likely to relive events of the previous day in dreams.
Dr. Maquet used an electronic device called PET to study the brains of people as they practiced a task during the day, and as they slept during the following night. The task required them to press a button as fast as possible, in response to a light coming on in one of six positions. As they learnt how to do this, their response times got faster. What they did not know was that the appearance of the lights sometimes followed a pattern--what is referred to as "artificial grammar". Yet the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when the pattern was present than when there was not.
What is more, those with more to learn (ie., the "grammar", as well as the mechanical task of pushing the button) have more active brains. The "editing" theory would not predict that, since the number of irrelevant stimuli would be the same in each case. And to eliminate any doubts that the experimental subjects were learning as opposed to unlearning, their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to sleep.
The team, therefore, concluded that the nerve connections involved in memory are reinforced through reactivation during REM sleep, particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the material being learnt. So now, on the eve of that crucial test, maths students can sleep soundly in the knowledge that what they will remember the next day are the basic rules of algebra and not the incoherent talk from the radio next door.
Researchers in behavioral psychology are divided with regard to__________. 查看材料
A.how dreams are modified in their courses
B.the difference between sleep and wakefulness
C.why sleep is of great benefit to memory
D.the functions of a good nights sleep
Sleep Problems Plague the Older Set
Older Americans often have difficulty getting a good night's rest. It's a huge quality-of-life problem, experts say, because contrary to popular belief, seniors require about the same amount of sleep as younger adults.
"Sleep problems and sleep disorders are not an inherent (固有的) part of aging," said Dr. Harrison G. Bloom, an associate clinical professor of geriatrics (老年病学) and medicine at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City. "It's pretty much of a myth that older people need less sleep than younger people."
Yet, in a study published recently in The American Journal of Medicine, researchers found that more than half of older Americans have problems getting the sleep they need.
Older people tend to have "sleep fragmentation," meaning they wake up more often during the night, said study author Dr. Julie Gammack, an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Geriatric Medicine at St. Louis University.
They also seem to get less "REM" sleep, the type of sleep during which rapid eye movement occurs, Bloom added.
It's unclear what role these naturally occurring changes in sleep patterns have on a person's quality of life, Bloom said "What is important, though, is that older people often have actual sleep disorders and problems with sleep," he said.
And, experts say, there is usually more than one cause.
"Sleep trouble in older adults is typically associated with acute and chronic illnesses, including specific sleep disorders like sleep apnea (呼吸暂停) and restless leg syndrome that appear with greater frequency in older populations," said Michael V. Vitiello, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and associate director of the University of Washington's Northwest Geriatric Education Center.
Taking multiple medications, as many older people do, can also lead to fatigue and "hypersomnia," or being tired all the time, Bloom added.
Another big problem, he noted, is depression and anxiety. "Those are very commonly associated with sleep problems."
Despite the prevalence (流行) of sleep difficulties in older adults, many patients aren't getting the help they need As a result, problems like insomnia (失眠), restless leg syndrome and sleep apnea are underdiagnosed and undertreated, Bloom said.
Sleep problems can seriously affect one's quality of life.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
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