题目内容
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How do Americans pay for what they buy？ They ______.
A．either pay cash or write checks
B．are allowed to use credit cards
C．pay cash, write checks or use credit cards
D．neither pay cash nor use credit cards
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Taxes are the money that people pay to support their government.There are generally three levels of government in the United States; federal (联邦的 ), state and city; therefore, there are three types of taxes.
Salaried people who earn more than four to five thousand dollars per year must pay a certain part of their salaries to the federal government.The percentage varies for different people.It depends on their salaries.The federal government has a two level income tax; that is, 15 or 28 percent.$17,850 is the cut-off.The tax rate is 15 percent below $17,850 and 28 percent above.
The second tax is for the state government: New York, California, or any of the other forty -eight states; Some states have an income tax similar to that of the federal government.Of course, the percentage for the state tax is lower.Other states have a sales tax, which is a percentage charged to any item which people buy in the state.Some states use income tax and sales tax to raise their revenues(税收 ).The third tax is for the city.This tax comes in two forms: property tax (residents who own a home have to pay taxes on it and excise
tax(货物税 ), which is collected on vehicles in a city.The cities use this money for education, police, public works, etc.
Since Americans pay such high taxes, they often feel that they are working one day each week just to pay their taxes.People always complain about taxes.They often say that the government misuses their tax dollars.They all believe that taxes are too high in this country.
(1).How many kinds of taxes should American pay？ ()
A.2
B.3
C.4
D.5.1
(2).How do some states raise their revenues？ ()
A.By using income tax
B.By using sales tax
C.By using federal taxes
D.Both A and B
(3).What’s the attitude of Americans to the high taxes？ ()
A.They like it
B.They agree with it
C.They complain about it
D.They don’t care
(4).How much money does an American earning $40,000 per year pay to the federal government as income tax？ ()
A.28% of this income
B.15% of this income
C.$17850.
D.$ 5000.
(5).What tax does an American have to pay to the city if he owns a car？ ()
A.Property tax
B.Excise tax
C.Income tax
D.Sales tax
Other benefits for working Americans are provided by the companies they work for or the labor unions to which they belong.
All large businesses and many smaller ones offer their workers benefits. These benefits can include free or low-cost medical insurance and life insurance. Many companies also have retirement plans. The companies put money aside to pay their workers when they retire. There are also profit-sharing plans through which extra money is put aside for workers when the company makes a great deal of money in any one year.
Many labor unions also have special funds from which workers can receive monthly checks when they retire or if they become disabled and cannot work. Some unions also pay for medicine that the workers need but which may not be purchased by medical insurance. Some pay workers a small amount of money if they lose their jobs.
The cost of higher education is usually paid by a combination of private savings, income from a part-time job held by the student, and low interest loans or grants of money given to needy students by the federal government but administered by the university.
How do most of the Americans pay for their huge expense of living？
A．By working for long hours.
B．By saving a part of their salaries.
C．By setting up their own industries.
D．By working for services.
Taxes are the money that people pay to support their government.There are generally three levels of government in the United States; federal (联邦的 ), state and city; therefore, there are three types of taxes.
Salaried people who earn more than four to five thousand dollars per year must pay a certain part of their salaries to the federal government.The percentage varies for different people.It depends on their salaries.The federal government has a two level income tax; that is, 15 or 28 percent.$17,850 is the cut-off.The tax rate is 15 percent below $17,850 and 28 percent above.
The second tax is for the state government: New York, California, or any of the other forty -eight states; Some states have an income tax similar to that of the federal government.Of course, the percentage for the state tax is lower.Other states have a sales tax, which is a percentage charged to any item which people buy in the state.Some states use income tax and sales tax to raise their revenues(税收 ).The third tax is for the city.This tax comes in two forms: property tax (residents who own a home have to pay taxes on it and excise
tax(货物税 ), which is collected on vehicles in a city.The cities use this money for education, police, public works, etc.
Since Americans pay such high taxes, they often feel that they are working one day each week just to pay their taxes.People always complain about taxes.They often say that the government misuses their tax dollars.They all believe that taxes are too high in this country.
(1).How many kinds of taxes should American pay？ ()
A.2
B.3
C.4
D.5.1
(2).How do some states raise their revenues？ ()
A.By using income tax
B.By using sales tax
C.By using federal taxes
D.Both A and B
(3).What’s the attitude of Americans to the high taxes？ ()
A.They like it
B.They agree with it
C.They complain about it
D.They don’t care
(4).How much money does an American earning $40,000 per year pay to the federal government as income tax？ ()
A.28% of this income
B.15% of this income
C.$17850.
D.$ 5000.
(5).What tax does an American have to pay to the city if he owns a car？ ()
A.Property tax
B.Excise tax
C.Income tax
D.Sales tax
Generally speaking, taxis are metered throughout the country, but there are some cities, for example, Washington D. C. , where they operate on a distant zone system.
If you find yourself sharing a cab with several strangers, you will often be expected to pay full price, unfair though that may seem. Nothing is uniform. in the US. Furthermore, rules vary from one city to in other.
If you want to make a complaint about taxi service, note the driver's number and name. When you write to the company, be sure to keep a copy of your letter.
How do the Americans think of the taxi？
A．It's a useful means of travelling.
B．It benefits a lot to all Americans.
C．It's hard to find all the time.
D．It is a luxury and Americans seldom take it.
Farm incomes have changed over the years too. For example, in 1933, people living and working on farms had much less money to spend than other Americans. At that time, farm families had about one-third the income of non-farmers after all necessary expenses had been paid. By the late 1970s, however, that difference had almost disappeared.
In 2004, farmers had their best year ever. The United States Department of Agriculture says the average farm family earned about 81, 000 dollars. That is more than the average American family, which earned about 60,000 dollars. Yet these numbers do not completely explain the situation for all farmers. Those who have small farms often take other jobs to earn extra income. And farm earnings for large farms grew faster than for mall ones.
The Department of Labor measures the pay of industrial workers differently. It measures the average hourly and weekly pay for industrial workers. This is because factory workers are generally paid by the hour unlike farmers who earn income from their farm businesses. Industrial workers are about 23 percent of the labor force. But that number has been decreasing. Most Americans have jobs that provide services. Professional, technical and other services employ about 76 percent of the labor force.
How many Americans were living on farms seventy years ago？
(33)
A．About 25 percent of the population.
B．Less than 23 percent of the population.
C．About 76 percent of the population.
D．Less than 1 percent of the population.
From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that______.
A．in the future all the Americans will use credit cards
B．credit cards are only used in the United States today
C．nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash
D．it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before
2007年，美国人消费了192亿包香烟。他们支付的平均零售价格为4.5美元/包。
(1)给定供给弹性为0.5,需求弹性为-0.4,推导香烟的线性需求与供给曲线。
(2)香烟税是联邦税种，2007年大约为每包40美分，该税收对市场出清价格和产量产生了什么影响？
(3)消费者将支付多少香烟税？生产者呢？
In 2007，Americans smoked 19. 2 billion packs of cigarettes. They paid an average retail price of $ 4.50 per pack.
a. Given that the elasticity of supply is 0. 5 and the elasticity of demand is -0. 4 , derive linear demand and supply curves for cigarettes.
b. Cigarettes are subject to a federal tax, which was about 40 cents per pack in 2007. What does this tax do to the market - clearing price and quantity？
c. How much of the federal tax will consumers pay？ What part will producers pay？
Why do almost one half of all Americans have to pay experts？
A．Because the list of taxes seems endless.
B．Because they would rather spend their time and energy elsewhere.
C．Because they find their knowledge about taxes is so limited that they are unable to write tax report all by themselves.
D．Because paying experts to prepare their tax report and asking for tax advice have become very popular.
C
Millions of Americans survive(生存)in low-paying jobs. The Working Poor(319 pages) , by David Shipler, a Pulitzer-winning former reporter, shows just how barely they get by. In his tour around the world of low-paying jobs, Shipler describes a kind of domino model of a downward cycle. " Poor housing can worsen a child ' s illness, which leads to a call for a doctor, which results in a medical bill that cannot be paid, which ruins a credit record, which raises the in- terest rate on an auto loan(货款) , which results in the buying of a used car, which causes a mother to be late for work, which limits her pay raise and earning ability, which keeps her to poor hous-ing, which worsens the illness, and so on. "
What Shipler aims to do in the book is to produce a picture of all of those dominoes at once, the problems that keep the working poor on the edge of household disaster(灾难). As the condi-
tions for the lowest-paid workers keep worsening, he writes, " the low-paid employees have been
testing the American belief in hard work. "
To those who don ' t quite make it from paycheck to paycheck, convenience stores in poor neighborhoods lend money at interest rates of about 20% for a two-week loan. If that can ' t be
repaid, it' s gladly rolled over-for another 20% . In the space of a few months, he or she owes
twice as much in interest as he borrowed.
Shipler doesn ' t place all the blame on society. The people he meets often lack the soft skills that employers require, like showing up on time, following directions, even knowing how to comb their hair. To be sure, they need better schools and medical care, but they also need to know better than to use their hard-earned checks to get drunk and disorderly, or go in for ill-advised sex and foolish spending.
64. The main purpose of this text is to _______ .
[ A] show how the poor can improve their living conditions
[ B ] discuss the reasons why many Americans are poor
[ C ] introduce David Shipler ' s book about the poor
[ D] describe how a reponer has become a writer
From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that ______ .
A．in the future all the Americans will use credit cards
B．credit cards are mainly used in the United States today
C．nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash
D．it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before
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