Lowering the Risk of Heart Disease

第1题

A corporation suffering big losses might be more likely to suspend interest payments on its bonds, thereby ________

A、raising the default risk and causing the demand for its bonds to rise.

B、raising the default risk and causing the demand for its bonds to fall.

C、lowering the default risk and causing the demand for its bonds to rise.

D、lowering the default risk and causing the demand for its bonds to fall.

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第2题

Lowering the Risk of Heart Disease Like millions of other Americans, I come from a fa

Lowering the Risk of Heart Disease

Like millions of other Americans, I come from a family with a history of heart disease. My father had his first three heart attacks when he was only thirty-0ne. ______(46)I grew up with heart disease: It was there, but I didn't take it seriously.

When I was thirty-one, my blood cholesterol (胆固醇) level was measured for the first time. It was 311 mg/dl, the doctor told me — an extremely high level that put me at a very high risk of heart disease, especially with my family history. He sent me to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to be screened for participation in a clinical trial.______ (47)

At NIH, physicians explained the degree of risk associated with my blood cholesterol level and the nature of the experiment. This test involves putting a tube through a leg artery (动脉) up to the heart.______(48)

Learning about the risks of the experiment as well as the risk associated with my raised blood cholesterol level scared the life out of me. Although I was excluded from participating in the study, the experience may well have saved my life.

For the first time, I began to realize the seriousness of high blood cholesterol.______ (49)But equally important, I got a taste of what it is like to be a patient, to have tests done on me and to think of myself as sick. This was hard to take.

This experience taught me two lifesaving lessons. First, although I felt fit and strong , I was actually at high risk for heart disease because of my high blood cholesterol level. And with my family history, it could not be ignored. ______(50)

A The death rate for the test was only 1 in 100, I was assured.

B Second, I could lower my blood cholesterol level simply by changing what I ate.

C I was three years old at that time.

D There is not enough oxygen in the blood.

E It was a heart attack just waiting to happen.

F The trial was designed to test the effect of lowering blood cholesterol on the risk of heart disease.

第 46 题请选择（46）处的最佳答案．

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第3题

第5部分：补全短文（第46-50题，每题2分，共10分) 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面

第5部分：补全短文(第46-50题，每题2分，共10分) 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应位置上。

Lowering the Risk of Heart Disease

Like millions of other Americans, I come from a family with a histotry of the heart disease. My father had his first three heart attacks when he was only thirty-one. _____________(46) I grew up with heart disease. It was there, but I didn’t take it seriouly.

When I was thirty-one, my blood cholesterol(胆固醇)level was measured for the first time.It was 311 mg/dl, the doctor told me- an extremely high level that put me at a very high high risk of heart disease, especially with my family history. He sent me to the National Institutes of Health(NIH)to be screened for participation in a clinical trial._____________(47)

At NIH, physicians explained the degree of risk associated with my blood cholesterol level and the nature of the experiment. This test involves putting a tube through a leg artery(动脉) up to the heart._____________(48)

Learning about the risks of the experiment as well sa the risk associated with my raised blood cholesterol level scared the life out of me. Although I was excluded from participating in the study, the experience may well have saved my life.

For the first time, I began to realize the seriousness of high blood cholesterol.___________(49) But equally important, I got a taste of what it is like to be a patient, to have tests done on me and to think of myself as sick.This was hard to take.

This experience taught me two lifesaving lessons. First, although I felt fit and strong, I was actually at high risk for heart disease because of my high blood cholesterol level. And with my family histaory, it could not be ignored.________________(50)

A Second, I could lower my blood cholesterol level simply by changing what I ate.

B I was three years old at that time.

C There is not enough oxygen in the blood.

D It was a heart attack just waiting to happen

E The trial was designed to test the effect of lowering blood cholesterol on the risk of heart disease.

F The death rate for the test was only 1 in 100, I was assured.

第46题：请选择（46）处最佳答案。

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第4题

根据材料回答{TSE}题：第三篇Hypertension Drugs Found to Cut Risk of Stroke Australian d

octors declared Monday that a cocktail of simple antihypertensive drugs can lower therisk of patients suffering a repeat stroke hy more than a thir D. This is the result of their research. Theresearch, presented at a medical conference in Italy over the weekend, has been valued highly as a ma-jor breakthrough in stroke prevention. Strokes kill 5 million people a year, and more than 15 million suffer non-fatal strokes that oftenleave them with useless limbs, slurred speech and other serious disabilities. One in five stroke survi-vors goes on to have a second, often fatal, stroke within five years of the first. An international six-year study of 6, 100 patients directed from Sydney University found that bytaking two blood pressure-lowering drugs, the risk of secondary strokes can be reduced by up to 40per cent. Even taking one of the commonly available drugs can cut the risk by a third, the study said.The drugs are the diuretic indapamide and the ACE inhibitor1 perindopril, better known by its brandname Coversyl. The combination was effective even in patients who did not have high blood pressure,the researchers said. They even found that the risk of another stroke could be cut by three quarters a-mong the one-in-ten patients who had suffered a cerebral hemorrhage, the worst type of stroke, wherethere is direct bleeding into the brain. Stephen McMahon, who presented the research at the Milan congress of the European Society ofHypertension, said about 50 million people were alive who had suffered at least one stroke. "If most ofthose patients were able to get access to this treatment, it would result in3 maybe the avoidance of half a million strokes a year," the professor told Australia's ABC Radio. McMahon said doctors had long known that lowering the blood pressure of those with hyperten-sion could help prevent strokes. "What we have shown for the first time is that it do.es not really mat-ter what your blood pressure is； if you have had a stroke, then lowering blood pressure will producelarge benefits, to begin with--even for people whose blood pressure is average or below average," hesaid. MeMahon said the Milan gathering had heralded the research as a "major breakthrough in the careof patients with strokes—perhaps the biggest step forward that we have made in the last couple of dec-ades". {TS} How many-peoples surviving the first stroke may suffer another attack during the following five years？ A. More than 33% of them. B. Up to 40% of them. C. 20% of them.. D. 10% of them.

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第5题

根据材料回答下列各题：第三篇Hypertension Drugs Found to Cut Risk of Stroke Australian

doctors declared Monday that a cocktail of simple antihypertensive drugs can lower therisk of patients suffering a repeat stroke hy more than a thir D. This is the result of their research. Theresearch, presented at a medical conference in Italy over the weekend, has been valued highly as a ma-jor breakthrough in stroke prevention. Strokes kill 5 million people a year, and more than 15 million suffer non-fatal strokes that oftenleave them with useless limbs, slurred speech and other serious disabilities. One in five stroke survi-vors goes on to have a second, often fatal, stroke within five years of the first. An international six-year study of 6, 100 patients directed from Sydney University found that bytaking two blood pressure-lowering drugs, the risk of secondary strokes can be reduced by up to 40per cent. Even taking one of the commonly available drugs can cut the risk by a third, the study said.The drugs are the diuretic indapamide and the ACE inhibitor1 perindopril, better known by its brandname Coversyl. The combination was effective even in patients who did not have high blood pressure,the researchers said. They even found that the risk of another stroke could be cut by three quarters a-mong the one-in-ten patients who had suffered a cerebral hemorrhage, the worst type of stroke, wherethere is direct bleeding into the brain. Stephen McMahon, who presented the research at the Milan congress of the European Society ofHypertension, said about 50 million people were alive who had suffered at least one stroke. "If most ofthose patients were able to get access to this treatment, it would result in3 maybe the avoidance of half a million strokes a year," the professor told Australias ABC Radio. McMahon said doctors had long known that lowering the blood pressure of those with hyperten-sion could help prevent strokes. "What we have shown for the first time is that it do.es not really mat-ter what your blood pressure is； if you have had a stroke, then lowering blood pressure will producelarge benefits, to begin with--even for people whose blood pressure is average or below average," hesaid. MeMahon said the Milan gathering had heralded the research as a "major breakthrough in the careof patients with strokes—perhaps the biggest step forward that we have made in the last couple of dec-ades". How many-peoples surviving the first stroke may suffer another attack during the following five years？ A. More than 33% of them. B. Up to 40% of them. C. 20% of them.. D. 10% of them.

A.Sympathetic.

B.Unfriendly.

C.Optimistic.

D.Critical.

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第6题

Coronary heart disease（冠心病) is a term used to describe conditions like angina（心绞痛) o

Coronary heart disease(冠心病) is a term used to describe conditions like angina(心绞痛) or heart attack. Many people suffer from heart disease.

If you have had a heart attack or suffer from angina it is very important that you take positive action now in order to keep your heart as healthy as possible. This article outlines steps you can take in order to help achieve this.

A number of factors have been known to increase the risk of your coronary heart disease. There are often referred to as "risk factors". But some of these factors can be changed or modified to help improve your condition. These include: high Mood cholesterol(胆固醇), high blood pressure, smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, high alcohol intake, obesity, diabetes and stress.

High blood cholesterol has been shown to be one of the most important risk factors, yet only about half of coronary heart-disease patients have had their blood cholesterol checked.

When blood cholesterol is high, it builds up in the walls of the arteries (blood vessels), causing them to narrow. The narrowing can then begin to restrict the blood flow to the heart. Under these conditions patients will often experience chest pain or tightness, known as angina.

In some cases narrowing of the arteries that supply blood to the heart can become so severe that it blocks the artery. More usually, however, a partial blockage triggers a blood clot, causing a heart attack, which can cause permanent damage to part of the heart muscle.

To reduce the build up of cholesterol in the artery walls, and so reduce the risk of a heart attack, cholesterol lowering has become an essential part of treatment for people with coronary heart disease.

Reductions in blood cholesterol have been shown to provide major benefits for patients who have angina or have had a heart attack, such as reducing the risk of another heart attack occurring and improving survival.

Your cholesterol should be checked regularly, and modified if necessary, along with all the other factors. This will help to ensure that you minimize the risk of suffering future heart problems like another heart attack.

It is better for your heart if all the risk factors are reduced by a little, rather than concentrating on one and ignoring the others.

Changes in lifestyle. can often help to reduce these risk factors. These include stop-ping smoking or cutting down the number of cigarettes you smoke, a healthier diet and a healthy body weight, regular exercise, and not drinking more than the recommended amount of alcohol. A healthier diet should consist of reducing the amount of saturated fat(饱和脂肪) you eat and balancing this with an intake of non-and poly-unsaturated fats and increased consumption (单链和多链不饱和脂肪) of cereal foods, vegetables and fruit.

Sometimes changes in lifestyle. are not enough to reduce factors like cholesterol or blood pressure sufficiently, and so drugs may be prescribed. These drugs should always be combined with changes in lifestyle.

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor？

A．smoking

B．tea drinking

C．obesity

D．stress

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第7题

回答题。 Can exercise be a bad thing？Can exercise be a bad thing ？ Sudden death during or

回答题。

Can exercise be a bad thing？

Can exercise be a bad thing ？ Sudden death during or soon after strenuous exertion in the squash court or on the army training grounds, is not unheard of. 51 trained marathon runners are not immune to fatal heart attacks. But no one knows just 52 common these sudden deaths linked to exercise are. The registration and investigation of such 53 is very patchy ; only a national survey could determine the true 54 of sudden death in sports. But the climate of medical opinion is shifting in 55 of exercise, for the person recovering from a heart attack as 56 as the average lazy individual. Training can help the victim of a heart attack by lowering the 57 of oxygen the heart needs at any given level of work 58 the patient can do more before reaching the point where chest pains indicate a heart starved of oxygen. The question is, should middle-aged people 59 .particular be screened for signs of heart disease before 60 vigorous exercise ？

Most cases of sudden death in sport are caused by lethal arrhythmias in the beating of the heart, often in people 61 undiagn0sed coronary heart disease, In North America 62 over 35 is advised to have a physical check-up and even an exercise electrocardiogram. The British, on the whole, think all this testing is unnecessary. Not many people die from exercise, 63 , and ECGs (心电图 ) are notoriously inaccurate. However, two medical cardiologists at the Victoria Infirmary in Glasgow, advocate screening by exercise ECG for people over 40, or younger people 64 at risk of developing coronary heart disease. Individuals showing a particular abnormality in their ECGs 65 , they say, a 10 to 20 times greater risk of subsequently developing signs of coronary heart disease, or of sudden death.

材料题请点击右侧查看材料问题查看材料

A.Then

B.Though

C.Since

D.Even

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第8题

Family and Health Care "Chronic diseases, such as heart disease and cancer, have replaced

Family and Health Care

"Chronic diseases, such as heart disease and cancer, have replaced acute infectious illness as the leading causes of death in the United States," says Thomas L. Campbell, a physician specializing in family related medicine. Since most of these diseases cannot be cured, Campbell believes more emphasis must be placed on health promotion and disease prevention.

The way to do this is through the family, Campbell says in a report published by the National Council on Family Relations. "The family has a powerful influence on health beliefs and behaviors because it is the primary social agent in the promotion of health and well-being. Preventive health-care programs and policies must focus on the family and use it as an important resource in health promotion."

Campbell points to a number of observable connections between health and family:

The family is the primary setting in which attitudes and behaviors regarding diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, and drug use are learned and maintained.

Unhealthy behaviors and genetic risk factors for diseases are frequently found within families, as family members tend to share not only genes, but diets, physical activities, and alcohol and tobacco use.

Chronic marital (婚姻的) distress and conflict can lead to acute and chronic health changes, such as rising blood pressure and heart rate and lowering immunity (免疫力) of cells. These physiological (生理上的) changes result in a wide range of diseases, especially heart disease and cancer.

Campbell believes that a number of measures be made within the health-care system to accommodate the influence of the family. For example, health education and preventive care should be targeted toward families as well as individuals and communities. Also, when a risk factor for a disease or condition is identified in one family member, all other family members should be tested.

Campbell also recommends that mental-health care be included in wellness programs and suggests that family professionals (therapists, sociologists, and family-life educators) become more actively involved in health promotion.

Campbell believes people should pay more attention to health promotion and disease prevention because most of these diseases

A．can hardly be cured.

B．can be cured gradually.

C．can cause many deaths.

D．can be cured only by specialists.

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第9题

回答题With so many of the deaths each year from around the world directly related to poor

health choices we make．world health leaders have set a goal of lowering the number of preventable deaths by 25％from 2010 rates by 2025．That would save 37 million lives over 15 years．Reporting in thejournal Lancet，public health experts note that the ways to prevent those deaths area’t surprising．But acting on those strategies will take individual and political will．Here’s how the experts hope to do it． Not smoke．The UN General Assembly set a target of cutting smoking around the world by 30%by 2025．Already，higher-income nations that already adopted smoking bans in public places and instituted tobacco taxes have seen drops in smoking rates，however，residents in lower-income nations continue to light up at high rates． Limit excessive drinking．While moderate amounts of alcohol have been linked to some health benefits， overindulging can increase the risk of certain cancers and liver disease，as well as contribute to high blood pressure．Educating people about the risks of excessive drinking，as well as instituting taxes on alcoholic products，has been somewhat successful in curbing（遏制）abuse． Cut back on salt．High sodium （钠）diets can increase blood pressure and contribute to heart disease and stroke，and in many developed countries，people eat several times the amount the salt their bodies need．In the U．S．，the average American consumes about 800mg more salt every day than health experts consider acceptable．Promoting alternatives，such as the citric acid in lemons，to satisfy the need for salt， Call help to bring sodiunl consumption down． Get blood pressure under control．Lack of exercise and high sodium diets contribute to hypertension（高血压），and uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to stroke and heart disease．Monitoring blood pressure with regular screenings，and treating elevated levels with changes in diet and exercise，or medications if necessary，are the most effective ways to address this risk factor． Address diabetes．Closely tied to the obesity epidemic（肥胖病）that now affects developing as well as developed nations，diabetes can increase the risk of heart disease，kidney disease and other conditions that can shorten life．Studies show that lifestyle. changes incorporating healthy diets low in sugar and phy’sical activity call be as effective as medications in keeping blood sugar levels in check．

What does the author mean by sayin9“acting on those strategies will take individual and political will”（Line 4-5，para．1）？

A.Both politicians and individuals wish to put the strategies into practice．

B.Conducting those strategies needs to consider both personal and official will．

C.Carrying out those strategies needs both individual and govemmental support．

D.Either individual or government can carry out those strategies．

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第10题

Questions are based on the following passage. Cocoa contains chemicals calledflavanols （

Questions are based on the following passage.

Cocoa contains chemicals calledflavanols （黄烷醇） that may help reduce the risk of strokes and heart attacks by lowering blood pressure and improving the body"s use of insulin （胰岛素） .

Washington chocolate producer Steve Kumar said that is one reason dark chocolate is increasingly popular among his customers. "A lot of people are attracted by dark chocolate because they just decide they love it， and they also have been reading all about the health benefits of dark chocolate，" said Kumar.

But those benefits have not been confirmed by studies involving large numbers of people. Also， during the production of chocolate， a lot of flavanols are destroyed， while sugar and fats are added to contribute to flavor.

Scientists now want to learn the benefits of flavanols in their pure form.

They plan a four-year study of 18，000 adults， who will take pills of pure cocoa flavanols， in what is being called the largest test of its kind. Jo-Ann Manson， of the Brigham and Women"s Hospital in Boston， is the lead researcher. "This pill of cocoa flavanols will avoid having the calories and the sugar and the fat found in chocolate，" said Manson. The pills also won"t have any taste. Participants，divided in two groups， will take two identical pills a day. One group"s pills will contain flavanols， while the others will getplacebo （安慰剂） pills. "The amount of chocolate that it would take in order to have this amount of cocoa flavanols would be more than ten times the amount that people would ordinarily eat，" said Manson.

Whatever the outcome of the study， Kumar said he"s not worried about his business. "People like the experience of actually biting into a piece of chocolate，whatever their favorites are，" he said.

The flavanol benefits test is still in the early stage， so scientists are not sure when the participants will be handed their first chocolate pills.

What chemical in cocoa may do good to the heart according to the passage？查看材料

A.Fat.

B.Insulin.

C.Sugar.

D.Flavanols.

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