题目内容
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One of the reasons why the longterm trend of prices has been downwards is that ______.
A．technological innovation can promote social stability
B．political instability will cause consumption to drop
C．new farming and crop technology can lead to overproduction
D．new sources are always becoming available
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M: Then what happened？
W:A few days after arriving in Los Angeles. (19)one passenger died, and 74 others were seriously ill.
M: What is the reason for that？
W: According to Dr. Phillips, it was the highest single outbreak of cholera in the United States this century, and the airline passengers were the victims of this new epidemic of cholera, a disease not seen in Latin America since 1895. they were just a few of the more than one million people affected in the 20th centuries, including at least 10,000 who died in the following three years after 1991.
M: (19)Cholera？ To the best of my understanding, that disease has been dead for some time now.
W: (19)But it has come back. Dr. Phillips says that cholera is by no means the only old infections on the comeback, and it is just one of the major infections that are fighting back fiercely against man's attempts to control them.
M: (19)But what are the reasons for the comeback of so many dead diseases？
W: Phillips says a single reason can't explain why a new disease appears or an old one returns, and usually a combination of factors are involved.
M: What kind of specific factors？
W: In his book Plagues on Our Doorstep Dr. Phillips presents some reasons.
M: What are they？
W: First, (21) international travel and commerce. The cholera abroad flight 386 and mosquitoes living in imported tries are examples of these. Second, (21) technology and industry. For example, the technology in Britain's processing industry was a likely contributor to the emergence of mad cow disease. Third, (21)the breakdown of public health measures. Declining health resources have resulted in the erosion of once highly-valued health service.
M: Well, that's just unbelievable!
(20)
A．An air crash to Los Angeles.
B．A book written by a doctor.
C．A disease on the comeback and its reasons
D．Man's effort to prevent disease.
M: Well, there's good news for buyers. Prices won't increase. In fact, they'll fall slightly. There are different reasons for this. One is that it won't be so easy to borrow money. A second reason is that there are still a lot of empty new houses on the market.
W: I see. And what about food prices？ Will they fall too？
M: I'm afraid not. You see, inflation will increase, so consumer prices will rise too. I think we can expect a 3% rise in prices.
W: Some economists say that unemployment will rise. Are you one of these people？
M: No, I'm not. I think it'll decrease. Trade with other countries has improved dramatically over the past year. And the increase in demand for goods means that there will be more jobs.
W: Well, if unemployment falls, can we expect wages to fall too？
M: No, no. The average wage will increase. Not very much, I'm afraid, but there will be a slight increase.
W: One financial question, Mr. Green. What will happen to petrol prices？ Will they increase or decrease next year？
M: That's a very difficult question to answer because we don't know what'll happen in the oil producing countries. I have a feeling that prices will go down. However, I could be wrong!
W: Mr. Green, thank you very much for your time.
M: My pleasure.
(20)
A．Housing costs.
B．Average wage.
C．Unemployment.
D．Oil prices.
W: Then what happened？
M: A few days after arriving in Los Angeles, one passenger died, and 74 others were seriously ill.
W: And what is the reason for that？
M: According to Dr. Phillips, it was the highest single outbreak of cholera in the United States this century, and the airline passengers were the victims of this new epidemic of cholera, a disease not seen in Latin America since 1895. They were just a few of the more than one million people affected in 20 countries, including at least 10,000 who died in the following three years after 1991.
W: Cholera？ To the best of my understanding, that disease has been dead for some time now.
M: But it has come back. Dr. Phillips says that cholera is by no means the only old infection on the comeback, and it is one of the major infections that are fighting back fiercely against man's attempts to control them.
W: But what are the reasons for the comeback of so many dead diseases？
M: Phillips says a single reason can't explain why a new disease appears or an old one returns, and usually a combination of factors are involved.
W: What kind of specific factors？
M: Dr. Phillips in his book Plagues on Our Doorstep presents some reasons.
W: What are they？
M: First, international travel and commerce. The cholera aboard flight 386 and mosquitoes living in imported tires are examples of these. Second, technology and industry. For example, the technology in Britain's processing industry was a likely contributor to the emergence of mad cow disease. Third, the breakdown of public health measures. Declining health resources have resulted in the erosion of once highly-valued health services.
W: Well, that's just unbelievable!
(26)
A．A flight to Los Angeles.
B．A book written by a doctor.
C．A disease on the comeback and its reasons.
D．Man's effort to control disease.
SECTION B INTERVIEW
Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the interview.
听力原文：W: Good morning, Dr. Harley, thank you very much for coming on our radio talk. We know that you are an applied linguist, specializing in second language acquisition.
M: Right.
W: So, today, we'll look at this issue. Now, first, Dr. Harley, could you please tell us what is second language acquisition？
M: Well, second language acquisition is, happens when a child or adult has already become competent at a language, and then, um, they attempt to learn another.
W: Okay, most people think, including me, it is difficult to learn another language. What are the reasons？ Why is it so？
M: Well, there are a number of reasons for this. First, there have been research studies, they have shown that some aspects of language learning, especially syntax, are more difficult beyond a certain age, say after around twelve years of age. (1)
W: So age plays an important role in language learning？
M: Yes. But that's not the only reason.
W: Oh, is that so？
M: Yes, for example: time and interest. Old children and adults often have less time and motivation to learn a second language. Another is related to the similarities and differences between one's mother tongue and a second language. We find that learners will experience difficulty when their mother tongue and the second language they are learning differ. In general, the more idiosyncratic a feature is in a particular language, relative to other languages, the more difficult it will be to acquire.
W: Perhaps this is the key issue. Differences between languages cause language-learning problems.
M: Well, this may be one of the issues here, but this cannot be the whole story, as not all differences between languages cause difficulty. Let me give you an example.
W: Okay.
M: Research has found that many errors by Czech speakers learning English were made on syntactic constructions in which the two languages do not differ. (2)
W: Oh, really. The picture is more complicated than we've imagined.
M: Definitely yes. Each language-learning situation is different, so reasons vary a lot from case to case.
W: Now, Dr. Harley, since learning a second language is a difficult process, you know in one way or another, are there any methods so far, effective methods, to teach a second language.
M: There again, no method is absolutely effective in all situations. Some may prove effective, others may not, I mean all depending on specific conditions. But generally speaking, there are a number of methods that have been used to teach a second language.
W: Could you mention a few？
M: For instance, there is the traditional method. This method is based on translation from one language to another, and it emphasizes grammar teaching. (3) And then you have direct methods, which focus on conversational skills, and all teaching must be carried out in the second language.
W: Oh, I see. Any other methods？
M: Yes. For example, the audio-lingual method. This method emphasizes speaking and listening before reading and writing.
W: How interesting.
M: Then you have the immersion method. This method teaches learners exclusively through the medium of the second language.
W: How？
M: Well, it simply means that you cannot speak mother tongue. Everything must be done in the language you are learning. To me, the most natural method of learning a new language is what I call "submersion," that is to go to that country and be surrounded exclusively by speakers of that language.
W: Thank you very much Dr. Harvey, for introducing some of the language teaching methods. Now, let's move on to something a bit theor
A．Declining capacity to learn syntax.
B．Differences between two languages.
C．Lack of time available.
D．Absence of motivation.
W: Because he has to, legally I mean.
M: Exactly! In this case the reason is obvious, so we usually don't question it. But when the reason is not so obvious and especially when the behavior. could have negative consequences, we're more likely to feel a need to explain the catkins of the behavior. Social psychologists have a term for this, for the process of explaining the muses of behavior. It's called causal attribution. And one theory suggests there's a pattern in the way we go about attributing causes to people's behavior. According to this theory, there are two categories of reasons: internal factors and external factors. Again, Lisa, say you're driving down the road and all of a sudden some guy turns into the lane right in front of you, and you have to slam on your brake to avoid an accident. How do you react？
W: I'll probably get very angry.
M: Because.
W: Well, he's not paying attention; he's a bad driver.
M: So you automatically attribute the driver's behavior. to an internal factor. He himself is to blame because he is careless.
W: So if I said it was because of heavy traffic or something. I'd be attributing his behavior. to an external factor, something beyond his control.
M: Good. Now how will you explain your own negative behavior？
W: I should blame external factors.
M: That's right.
(24)
A．Judging people's behavior.
B．Common causes of anger.
C．Changing people's attitudes.
D．The effects of negative behavior.
W: Because they have to, legally I mean.
M: Exactly! In this case the reason is obvious, so we usually don't question it. But when the reason is not so obvious and especially when the behavior. could have negative consequences, we'll more likely to feel a need to explain the causes of the behavior. Social psychologists have a term for this, for the process of explaining the causes of behavior, it's called causal attribution. And one theory suggests, there's a pattern in the way we go about attributing causes to people's behavior. According to this theory, there are two categories of reasons: internal factors and external factors. Again, Lisa, say you’re driving down the road and all of a sudden some guy turn into the lane right in front of you, and you have to slam on your brake to avoid an accident. How do you react？
W: I'll probably get very angry.
M: Because….
W: Well, he's not paying attention, he's a bad driver.
M: So you automatically attribute the driver’s behavior. to an internal factor. He himself is to blame because he is careless.
W: So if I said it was because of heavy traffic or something, I'd be attributing his behavior. to an external factor, something beyond his control.
M: Good. Now how do you usually explain our own negative behavior？
W: We blame external factors.
M: That's right.
(35)
A．Judging people's behavior.
B．Common causes of anger.
C．Changing people's attitudes.
D．The effects of negative behavior.
W: Because they have to, legally I mean.
M: Exactly! In this case the reason is obvious, so usually we don't question it. But when the reason is not so obvious and especially when the behavior. could have negative consequences, we'll more likely to feel a need to explain the causes of the behavior. Social psychologists have a term for this, for the process of explaining the causes of the behavior, it's called "causal attribution". And one theory suggests, there's a pattern in the way we go about attributing causes to people's behavior. According to this theory, there are two categories of reasons: internal factors and external factors. Again, Lisa, say you're driving down the road and all of a sudden some guy turns into the lane right in front of you, and you have to slam on your brakes to avoid an accident. How do you react？
W: I'll probably get very angry.
M: Because...
W: Well, he's not paying attention, he's a bad driver.
M: So you automatically attribute, the driver's behavior. to an internal factor. He himself is to blame because he is careless.
W: So if I said it was because of heavy traffic or something, I'd be attributing his behavior. to an external factor, something beyond his control.
M: Good. Now how do we usually explain our own negative behavior？
W: We blame external factors.
M: That's right.
(23)
A．Common causes of anger.
B．Judging people's behavior.
C．Changing people's attitudes.
D．The effects of negative behavior.
听力原文：M: Are you the head resident？
W: Yes.
M: I'm Bill Miller. I'm here because I want to change roommates.
W: Really？ That surprises me. I thought that you and David were good friends.
M: We were. You see, we knew each other before. We are from the same home town, but it looks like we had different reasons for coming to college.
W: How so？
M: Well, David is really into having fun, which is great. But he has so many people in our room all the time that I can't study. And the stereo is on constantly.
W: Have you talked to him about it？
M: Yes, but he just doesn't take me seriously.
W: I see.
M: Miss Todd, I have to study. I'm on scholarship. David isn't.
W: Okay. Here's what we can do. Let me talk to David, and then you see how it goes. Just one week.
(20)
A．The man wants to get authorization for a room change.
B．The man is worried about his friendship with his roommate.
C．The man needs a scholarship to continue living in the dormitory.
D．The man wants the head resident to talk to David for him.
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