Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in t...

第1题

Which of the following statements about the Department of Defense is true？A．It will become

Which of the following statements about the Department of Defense is true？

A．It will become the country's 14th largest retail apparel manufacturer.

B．It hasn't acted according to the Workplace Code of' Conduct.

C．It has demanded its contractors to sign the Workplace Code of Con- duct.

D．It has teamed up with the Department of Labor to launch a campaign.

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第2题

Which of the following statements about the Department of Defense is tree？A．It will become

Which of the following statements about the Department of Defense is tree？

A．It will become the country's 14th largest retail apparel manufacturer

B．It hasn't acted according to the Workplace Code of Conduct.

C．It has demaruled its contractors to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct.

D．It has teamed up with the Department of Labor to launch a campaign.

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第3题

听力原文：Sign language has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have

听力原文： Sign language has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that sign languages are unique--a speech of the hands. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy: Whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born with, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C., the world's only liberal arts university for deaf people.

When Bill Stoke went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. He had been taught a sort of gesture code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English, At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form. of pidgin English. But Stoke believed the "hand talk" his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually have a genuine language？ And could that language be unlike any other on earth？ Stoke devoted his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture. For decades educators fought his idea that sign languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese.

(7)

A．Sign languages.

B．Natural languages.

C．Artificial languages.

D．Genuine languages.

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第4题

听力原文： Heart failure is a condition in which the heart cannot pump as much blood as the

body needs. This condition can begin with a heart attack or high blood pressure. The heart becomes weakened. Over time, it loses the ability to pump blood. A sign of heart failure is breathing difficulty. But people often mistake that for just a sign of aging.

In the United States, doctors say about five million people have this major cause of sickness and death. They say heart failure is the leading cause of hospital treatment for people aged sixty-five and older. But these doctors say the problem of heart failure has yet to be fully investigated.

Researchers at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota did a study of the last twenty years. They expected to find that heart failure has become more common. Hospital admissions for heart failure have increased. But they found that the percentage of the population developing heart failure has not changed. Instead, survival rates have improved.

Which one of the following is a sign of heart failure？

A．Breathing difficulties.

B．High blood pressure.

C．Headache.

D．High body temprature.

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第5题

听力原文： We know then that in the, US, it's the job of Congress to propose new laws, whic

h we call bills, and perhaps to modify these bills and then write on them. But even if the bill is passed in Congress, it still doesn't become a law until the President has a chance to review it, too. And if it's not to the President's liking, the bill can be vetoed or killed in either of two ways. One is by a veto message. The President has ten days to veto the bill by returning it to Congress, along with the message explaining why it's being rejected. This keeps the bill from becoming a law unless overwhelming majorities of both Houses of Congress vote to over-right the President's veto. Sometimes they do that. Often, lawmakers simply revise the vetoed bill and pass it again. This time, in the form. the President is less likely to object to, and less likely to want to veto. The other way the President can kill a bill is by pocket veto. Here's what happens. If the President doesn't sign the bill within ten days, and Congress ajourns during that time, then the bill will not become law. Notice that it is only at the end of an entire session of Congress that the pocket veto can be used, not just whenever Congress takes a shorter break, say, for a summer vacation. After a pocket veto, that particular bill is dead. If a lawmaker in Congress wants to push the matter in their next session, they'll have to start all over with a brand-new version of the bill.

(33)

A．How the President proposes new laws.

B．How a bill is passed by lawmakers in Congress.

C．How the President can reject a proposed law.

D．How lawmakers can force the President to sign a bill.

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第6题

Thank-you cards--heartfelt expressions of gratitude for gifts, services and general kindne

ss— seem to be rare in an age when the Internet continues to reduce human interaction.

Although our society has changed greatly over the past century, the etiquette(礼节) of thank- you notes has not. While most people would agree that thank-you notes under these circumstances are a necessity, there are still those who forever postpone or are forgetful for unknown reasons. And at no time of the year are thank-you notes more visible than June, the month of brides and graduations, and the beginning of summer parties. "It's a must-do thing. A real thank you does not come by e-mail. They come in the mail in an envelope. And what comes out of an envelope is a beautiful thing to touch and to handle and to pass around for everyone to read," said etiquette expert Letitia Baldrige.

Don't think for a second that Baldrige is old-fashioned. Handwritten thank-you notes--any handwritten correspondence, for that matter--have taken on an air of extra importance and dignity in this e-hyper world. Baldrige remains hopeful that the art may be enjoying a renaissance(复兴).

More than simply obeying rules of etiquette, thank-you cards are a sign of caring. "They're more important now than ever," expert Peter Post says. "You're building a relationship. And part of building that relationship is that you acknowledge when someone has done something nice for you. " The payoff(回报), Post says, can be huge. "It will continue indefinitely," he says. "The more we do it, the more it comes back to us, and it's a benefit to us all. It makes our world a little bit nicer place to live in. "

Thank-you cards seem to become rare because______.

A．interaction between people has been diminished than before

B．the etiquette of thank-you notes has become out of date

C．people have found better means of expressing their thanks

D．people have become forgetful in the new age

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第7题

A punctual person is in the habit of doing a thing at the【11】time and is never late in kee

ping an appointment. He knows that he can not get through his immense amount of work【12】he faithfully keeps every【13】promptly and deals with every piece of work【14】it has to be attended to. There is a【15】which says, "Time flies, never to be recalled." Time is more【16】than material things.

The unpunctual man, on the other hand, never does what he has to do at the proper time. He is always【17】that he finds no time to answer letters, or return calls or keep appointments【18】. Friends sometimes grow cold towards each other, or even become enemies, because one of them has been remiss in answering letters or keeping appointments. Tile punctual man is a source of annoyance【19】to others and to himself. Unpunctuality, moreover, is very harmful when it comes to doing one' s duty, whether public or private. Failure to be punctual in【20】one' s appointments is a sign of disrespect towards others. A man who is known to be habitually unpunctual is never trusted by his friends or fellow men. In the end, he loses both time and his good name.

(46)

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第8题

passage three：questions 21～25 are based on the following passage. Sign has become a sci

entific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy: whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born With, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D． C．, the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people.

When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher.

Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language （ASL） was thought to be no more than a form. of pidgin English （混杂英语）. But Stokoe believed the “hand talk” his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually: have a genuine language？ And could that language be unlike any other on Earth？ It was 1955, when even deaf people dismissed their signing as “substandard”. Stokoe’s idea was academic heresy （异端邪说）.

It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation （调节） of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. “What I said,” Stokoe explains, “is that language is not mouth stuff—it’s brain stuff.”

第21题：The study of sign language is thought to be ________.

A．a new way to look at the learning of language

B．a challenge to traditional, views on the nature of language

C．an approach: to simplifying the grammatical structure of a language

D．an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language

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第9题

Linguists have been able to follow the formation of a new language in Nicaragua. The catch

is that it is not a spoken language but, rather, a sign language which arose spontaneously in deaf children.

The Nicaraguan Sign Language (NSL) emerged in the late 1970s, at a new school for deaf children. Initially the children were instructed by teachers who could hear. No one taught them how to sign; they simply worked it out for themselves. By conducting experiments on people who attended the school at various points in its history, Dr. Senghas has shown how NSL has become more sophisticated over time. For example, concepts that an older signer uses a single sign for, such as rolling and falling, have been unpacked into separate signs by youngsters.

Early users, too, did not develop a way of distinguishing left from right. Dr. Senghas showed this by asking signers of different ages to converse about a set of photographs that each could see. One signer had to pick a photograph and describe it. The other had to guess which photograph was being described.

When all the photographs contained the same elements, merely arranged differently, older people, who had learned the early form. of the language, could neither signal which photo they meant, nor understand the signals of their younger partners. Nor could their younger partners teach them the signs that indicate left and right. The older people clearly understood the concept of left and right, they just could not converse about it a result that bears on the vexing question of how much language merely reflects the way the brain thinks about the world, and how much it actually shapes such thinking.

For a sign language to emerge spontaneously, though, deaf children must have some inherent tendency to tie gestures to meaning. Spoken language, of course, is frequently accompanied by gestures. But, as a young researcher, Dr. Goldin-Meadow suspected that deaf children use gestures differently from those who can hear. In a 30-year-long project carried out on deaf children in America and Taiwan, whose parents can hear normally, she has shown that this is true.

Even deaf children who have no deaf acquaintances use signs as words. The order the signs come in is important. It is also different from the order of words in either English or Chinese. But it is the same, for a given set of signs and meanings, in both America and Taiwan.

Curiously enough, the signs produced by children in Spain and Turkey, whom Dr. Goldin-Meadow is also studying, while similar to each other, differ from those that American and Taiwanese children produce. Dr. Goldin-Meadow is not certain why that is. However, the key commonality is that their spontaneously created languages resemble fully-formed languages.

The Nicaragua Sign Language is__________.

A．a non-verbal language created by deaf children.

B．an artificial language used by people in Nicaragua.

C．a language invented by teachers who teach the deaf.

D．a language described and modified by deliberate linguists

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第10题

The two modern writers whose influence on young novelists has been most pervasive are prob

ably James Joyce and Ernest Hemingway. There is no telling how many young writers have gone astray trying to emulate Joyce's complexity of language and Hemingway's misleading simplicity.

I was reminded of that as I read Nicholas Delblanco’s Fathering, an often exasperating novel, because it is so needlessly obscure and reveals so much talent and so little disciplining of that talent.

The internal maundering of Delblanco's characters would probably interest a psychoanalyst, trained to decipher their significance as sign posts, But novelists should not write for the edification of psychoanalysts. Ostensibly reproducing the unorganized thoughts, memories and impressions flowing through a character's mind is not often the best way to make that character comprehensible.

Such thoughts, memories and impressions become chaotic. The job of the artist is to bring some order and meaning out of that chaos, not to compound it, and to clarify, not befog, the nature of the character.

According to the passage, what do many young novelists try to do？

A．They try to imitate Joyce's symbolism.

B．They try to influence Delblanco

C．They try to follow the example of Hemingway's simple plot.

D．They try pattern themselves after Joyce's complicated language.

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Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in lan