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提问人：网友dedelili 发布时间：2022-01-07
[主观题]

根据内容回答题.

Clinical Trials

1 Many clinical trials are done to see if a new drug or device is safe and effective for people to use. Sometimes clinical trials are used to study different ways to use the standard treatments so they will be more effective, easier to use ,and/or decrease side effects. Sometimes ,studies are done to learn how to best use the treatment in a different population, such as children, in whom the treatment was not previously tested.

2 It is important to test drugs and medical products in the people they are meant to help. It is al- so important to conduct research in a variety of people because different people may respond dif- ferently to treatments. Some people participate in clinical trials because they have exhausted standard treatment options. Other people participate in trials because they want to contribute to the ad- vancement of medical knowledge.

3 The FDA(食品及药物管理局)works to protect participants in clinical trials and to ensure that people have reliable information as they decide whether to join a clinical trial. Although efforts are made to control the risks to clinical trial participants, some risks may be unavoidable because of the uncertainty inherent(内在的) in medical research studies involving new medical treatments.

4 People should learn as much as possible about the clinical trials that interest them. They should also feel comfortable discussing their questions and concerns with members of the health care team. Prospective (预期) participants should understand what happens during the trial, the type of health care they will receive, and any costs to them. Anyone considering a clinical trial should also know that there are benefits and risks associated with participating.

Paragraph 1__________ 查看材料

A.Are clinical trials safe？

B.What are clinical trials？

C.What should people know before participating in a clinical trial？

D.Who should consider clinical trials and why？

E.Where are clinical trials conducted？

F.Why are clinical trials done？

简答题官方参考答案 （由简答题聘请的专业题库老师提供的解答）
查看官方参考答案
更多“根据内容回答题.”相关的问题
第1题
根据下列内容，回答题。成年男性。3个月来双下肢无力、麻木逐渐加重，背后疼痛且咳嗽时加剧。查体：左半

根据下列内容，回答题。

成年男性。3个月来双下肢无力、麻木逐渐加重，背后疼痛且咳嗽时加剧。查体：左半侧TR以下痛、温觉消失，右下肢肌力3级，腱反射亢进，Babinski征阳性，右下肢足趾振动觉、位置觉消失。

可能的诊断为 查看材料

A.T8附近脊髓髓内癌变

B.左T8附近脊髓髓外病变

C.右T8附近脊髓髓内病变

D.T8附近脊前动脉闭塞

E.右T8附近脊髓髓外病变

点击查看答案
第2题
请根据短文内容，回答题。 Father Factor in WorkplaceSuccesses or failures of employees in t

请根据短文内容，回答题。

Father Factor in Workplace

Successes or failures of employees in the workplace can be traced to what kind of father they had, Stephan Poulter argues in a new book, who is a clinical psychologist and also works with adolescents in Los Angeles area schools.

Stephan Poulter lists five styles of fathers: super-achieving, time bomb, passive, absent,compassionate and mentor as well who have powerful influences on the careers of their sons and daughters.

Styles of fathering can affect whether their children get along with others at work, have an entrepreneurial spirit, worry too much about their career, burn out or become the boss, Poulter writes.

Children of the "time-bomb" father, for example, who explodes in anger at his family, learn how to read people and their moods. Those intuitive abilities make them good at such jobs as personnel managers or negotiators, he writes. But those same children may have trouble feeling safe and developing trust, said Poulter.

Even absent fathers affect how their children work, he writes, by instilling feelings of rejection and abandonment. Those children may be overachievers, becoming the person their father never was, or develop such anger toward supervisors or authority figures that they work best when they are self-employed, he writes.

"The father&39;s influence in the workplace is really one of the best-kept secrets," Poulter said.

The Father Factor is set for release next month by Prometheus Books. Looking at the influence of fathers fits with Other recent research on workplace behaviour, said William Pollack, a psychology professor and director of the Centres for Men and Young Men at McLean Hospital, part of Harvard Medical School.

It‘s what kind of father that affect the successes or failures of employees in the workplace. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

点击查看答案
第3题
根据以下材料，回答题Cancer Drug Trials Often Halted EarlyAn increasing number of clinical t

根据以下材料，回答题

Cancer Drug Trials Often Halted Early

An increasing number of clinical trials for new cancer treatments are being halted before the risks and benefits have been fully evaluated， say Italian researchers， who warn that this growing trend could put patients at risk of harm from new therapies rushed into use.

The researchers looked at 25 randomized， controlled clinical trials that were stopped early because the treatments had started to show benefit to patients.

"When we analyzed 25 trials over a 10-year period between 1997 and 2007， we found a consistent increase in prematurely stopped trials——more than 50 percent were stopped within the last three years，" study co-author Giovanni Apolone said at a news conference Tuesday.

Of 14 trials halted early and published between 2005 and 2007， the researchers found that 11（79 percent） of them were used to support drug approval applications submitted to the European Medicines Agency and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

"This suggests a strong commercial component in stopping trials prematurely. In fact， this strategy could guarantee quicker access to the market for companies. On the other hand， a quicker clinical drug development may lead to an "immature" benefit/risk balance of new drugs，"Apolone said.

He and his colleagues "are aware that trials stopped early because they are showing benefit may result in identification of promising new treatments for patients. However， findings obtained following this strategy should be considered to be preliminary results that require subsequent confmnation."

It can take several years for the long-term benefits or harmful side effects of a new treatment to become apparent， Apolone noted， but the average duration （持续时间） of the 25 studies he and his colleagues analyzed was 30 months， with a range from 12 to 64 months.

They also found that at the time five of the studies were stopped， they"d enrolled less than 40 percent of the total number of patients planned for final analysis.

"Clinical trials need to stop early for superior benefit whenever there"s proof beyond reasonable doubt that the new treatment really is superior. That would be an ethical obligation，"Stuart Pocock， a professor of medical statistics at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the United Kingdom， said at the news conference. "However， too many trials are stopped early claiming efficacy （功效） without strong evidence being available."

The number of prematurely stopped clinical trials has increased recently. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

点击查看答案
第4题
请根据短文的内容，回答题。

Father Factor in Workplace

Successes or failures of employees in the workplace can be traced to what kind of father they had,Stephan Poulter argues in a new book, who is a clinical psychologist and also works with adolescents in Los Angeles area schools.

Stephan Poulter lists five styles of fathers: super-achieving, time bomb, passive, absent,compassionate and mentor as well who have powerful influences on the careers of their sons and daughters.

Styles of fathering can affect whether their children get along with others at work, have an entrepreneurial spirit, worry too much about their career, bum out or become the boss, Poulter writes.

Children of the "time-bomb" father, for example, who explodes in anger at his family, learn how to read people and their moods. Those intuitive abilities make them good at such jobs as personnel managers or negotiators, he writes. But those same children may have trouble feeling safe and developing trust, said Poulter.

Even absent fathers affect how their children work, he writes, by instilling feelings of rejection and abandonment. Those children may be overachievers, becoming the person their father never was, or develop such anger toward supervisors or authority figures that they work best when they are self-employed, he writes.

"The father&39;s influence in the workplace is really one of the best-kept secrets," Poulter said.

The Father Factor is set for release next month by Prometheus Books. Looking at the influence of fathers fits with other recent research on workplace behaviour, said William Pollack, a psychology professor and director of the Centres for Men and Young Men at McLean Hospital, part of Harvard Medical School.

It‘s what kind of father that affect the successes or failures of employees in the workplace. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

点击查看答案
第5题
根据以下材料，回答题Issue of Sex ChangeChina is set to 51______ its first clinical guidelin

根据以下材料，回答题

Issue of Sex Change

China is set to 51______ its first clinical guideline on sex-change surgery， according to a notice put on the website of the Ministry of Health yesterday.

The ministry is now soliciting （请求） public and professional opinions on the draft guideline.

The coming guideline aims to regulate and standardize sex reassignment surgery， part of a treatment for gender identity disorder in transsexuals （变性者） .

Experts 52______ nearly 2，000 Chinese have undergone sex-change surgery while 100，000 to

400，000 are still considering it. However， no official number is available. In the draft， the MOH sets 53______ criteria for both surgical candidates and medical institutions.

Candidates for the surgery must be older than 20 and single， the draft guideline said. They are also required to prove a persistent desire for a sex change， to live for at least five consecutive years full-time in the new gender role， and to engage 54______ mental therapy for at least one year.

Before surgery can take place， a candidate must receive a recommendation for the operation from a 55______ after an appropriate series of therapy sessions.

Also， several legal requirements 56______ be met before the procedure.

The candidate must provide proof from police that he or she has does not have any criminal offenses in the past.

Police must also agree to change the sex status on the identity card of the 57______ receiver before the operation can take 58______

The advent of such a guideline 59______ to show that the government is concerned 60______ the needs of a relatively small 61______ of people who want to change sex.

But doctors also warn that all stakeholders （利益相关者） ， including the hospital and prospective receivers， should be highly cautious about this surgery.

The operation is more than a medical procedure due 62______ its huge social and legal consequences. Doctors should make it clear to those 63______ sex-change surgeries that the option always remains to continue to live in the original role. The guideline requires surgeons to tell patients about other options 64______ hormone therapy. They are also required to explain the risks involved， and underlying social barriers including discrimination， and administrative recognition and approval.

For the candidates， the surgery itself is not the big issue 65______ the long run. The real issue is the kind of life he or she will have to lead afterward.

回答（51）题 查看材料

A.issue

B.provide

C.withdraw

D.bring about

点击查看答案
第6题
根据下面短文内容，回答题。 Child Consultants ____________

根据下面短文内容，回答题。

Child Consultants

____________ 查看材料

A.sentence

B.word

C.answer

D.question

点击查看答案
第7题
根据下面内容，回答题： A．JP B．USP C．BP D．Ch．P． E．Ph．Eur． 美国药典

根据下面内容，回答题：

A．JP

B．USP

C．BP

D．Ch．P．

E．Ph．Eur．

美国药典的缩写是

查看材料

点击查看答案
第8题
根据下面内容，回答题 A．pizr B．Draft C．DMFS D．Dmfs E．meanDM 乳牙龋失补牙数

根据下面内容，回答题

A．pizr

B．Draft

C．DMFS

D．Dmfs

E．meanDM

乳牙龋失补牙数

查看材料

点击查看答案
第9题
根据所听到的内容回答题__________ A．Germany． B．England． C．France． D．China．

点击查看答案
第10题
根据下面短文内容，回答题。 Kicking the Habit Boys usually develop bad habits

根据下面短文内容，回答题。

Kicking the Habit

Boys usually develop bad habits when they are very young. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

点击查看答案
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