听力原文:Woman: I think the accountants have got mistaken priorities. We are increasingly
(14)
(14)
A、Aristotle’s science
B、Neoplatonism
C、Catholic theology
D、Christian faith
F1: Good morning. I wonder if you have a job for a part-time.
M1: Oh, yes, we’re going to employ two more part-time to send our newspapers to the people living in Flight Street and Fortunate Road. Are you interested?
F1: Oh, yes, I live at No.53 Forest Road which is quite near Flight Street. I would like to take the job.
M1: OK, then, could you deliver the newspapers from 8:30 on Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Sunday or on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday?
F1: Er, I can work on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, but not on Sunday. Is it OK?
M1: Well, OK. Have you ever done anything like that before?
F1: I have sold some books door to door for Economic Publishing House.
M1: Good, are you a student?
F1: Yes, I’m a student at Oxford University.
M1: What’s your name and how old are you?
F1: My name is Sally King, K-I-N-G. I’m 20.
M1: Do you have a telephone number?
F1: Yes, 98133 2981.
M1: Then, we’ll call you after we have talked it over.
F1: Thank you, Sir! I hope to hear from you soon.
Look at the form. below.
You will hear a man calling about a part-time job.
Message Two
Name: Sally King Sex: Female
Age: (5)______ Address: (6)______ Forest Road
Contact No.: 981.332.981
Experience: sold books door to door for (7)______ Publishing House
Applying for: 8:00 to 8:30 on Monday, (8)______ Friday morning
(19)
(21)
?Which section(A,B,C or D)does each statement 1-7 refer to?
?For each statement 1-7,mark one letter(A,B,C or D).
?You will need to use some of these letters more than once.
A.For over three decades,academics,managers,and consultants,realizing that transforming organizations is difficult,have analyzed the subject.They've sung the praises of leaders who communicate vision and walk the talk in order to make change efforts succeed.They've sanctified the importance of changing organizational culture and employees'attitudes.They've teased out the tensions between top-down transformation efforts and participatory approaches to change.Still,studies show that in most organizations,two out of three transformation initiatives fail.
B.Each manager looks at an initiative from his or her viewpoint and,based on personal experience,focuses on different success factors.The experts,too,offer different perspectives.A recent search for books on ‘change and management’ turned up 6,153 titles,each with a distinct take on the topic. Those ideas have a lot to offer,but take together,they force companies to tackle many priorities simultaneously,which spreads resource sand skills thin.
C.Someofthehardfactorsthataffectatransformationinitiativearethetimenecessarytocompleteit,the number of people required to execute it,and the financial results that intended actions are expected to achieve. The research shows that change projects fail to get off the ground when companies neglect the hard factors. That doesn't mean that executives can ignore the soft elements;that would be a grave mistake. However. If companies don't pay attention to the hard issues first,transformation programs will break down before the soft elements come into play.
D.Companies assume that the longer an initiative carries on. The more likely it is to fail—the early impetus will peter out,windows of opportunity will close,objectives will be forgotten,key supporters will leave or lose their enthusiasm,and problems will accumulate. However,contrary to popular perception, along project that is reviewed frequently is more likely to succeed than a short project that isn't reviewed frequently. Thus,the time between reviews is more critical for success than a project's life span.
the importance of taking into consideration the economic effects brought by the change
&8226;Write a memo to staff.
&8226;Explaining why the programme are necessary
&8226;Saying when the programme will start
&8226;Asking for suggestions for what to include in the programme
&8226;Write 40--50 words on a separate sheet.
&8226;Choose the best sentence to fill each of the gaps.
&8226;For each blank 8 12 mark one letter (A—G) on your Answer Sheet.
&8226;Do not use any letter more than once.
&8226;There is an example at the beginning.
Profit
Entrepreneurship is directly responsible for production The business person (entrepreneur) takes a cue from consumers in deciding what they want—or, in the case of a new product (8) Profit means different things to different people. According to some public opinion polls, many people are not sure what it is, but they are sure (9) Workers may look at profit as an unfairly large payment to the entrepreneur that deprives them of a higher wage. The business person thinks of profit (10) During negotiations before the settlement of the second baseball strike in August, 1985, the Players' Association claimed the owners had made profits of $ 91 million, an accounting firm said owner profits were $ 43 mil- lion, and the owners insisted they had lost $ 9 million. The truth was that all three were correct. The disparity in the figures was due to the fact that each group was defining profit differently. Let us now see if we can develop a more exact definition of what profit is.
Gross profit is the difference between what a business firm sells its product for end what it costs to produce that product. The merchant buys $200,000 worth of merchandise during the year and sells it for $270,000. His gross profit is $ 70,000. The percentage difference between his cost and the selling price is 35 percent, and he calls this markup. Net profit is (11) —rent, wages, and interest—and setting aside money to allow for the loss due to depreciation (wearing out) of capital. Our merchant has to subtract from his gross profit his payments for rent ($ 6,0O0), wages ($ 20,000), interest on money borrowed ($1,000), repairs and upkeep ($1,000), taxes ($1,000), electricity and other expenses $1,000. Expenses for operating the business come to $ 30,000. Gross profit is $ 70, 000, and net profit is $40,000.
Economists have a narrower definition of what constitutes profit. They are concerned with payment for all the resources that have gone into production (12) , like those listed above, or from inside the business.
A what profit really means
B it is too large and represents too much of the consumer's dollar
C as the difference between total revenue and total cost
D what the business person has left after paying expenses
E what they might want
F production
G whether they come from outside the business
(8)
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