Industrialization came to the United State after 1790 as North American entrepreneurs i

Industrialization came to the United State after 1790 as North American entrepreneurs

increased productivity by reorganizing work and building factories. These innovations

in manufacturing boosted output and living standards to an unprecedented extent; the

average per capita wealth increased by nearly 1 percent per year―30 percent over

(5) the course of a generation. Goods that had once been luxury items became part of

everyday life.

The impressive gain in output stemmed primarily from the way in which workers made

goods, since the 1790's, North American entrepreneurs―even without technological

improvements―had broadened the scope of the outwork system that mace manufacturing

(10) more efficient by distributing materials to a succession of workers who each performed a

single step of the production process. For example, during the 1820's and 1830's the shoe

industry greatly expanded the scale and extend of me outwork system. Tens of thousands

of rural women, paid according to the amount they produced, fabricated the "uppers" of

shoes, which were bound to the soles by wage-earning journeymen shoemakers in dozens

(15) of massachusetts towns, whereas previously journeymen would have made the enure

shoe. This system of production made the employer a powerful "shoe boss" and eroded

workers' control over the pace and conditions of labor. However, it also dramatically

increased the output of shoes while cutting their price.

For tasks that were not suited to the outwork system, entrepreneurs created an even

(20) more important new organization, the modem factory, which used power-driven machines

and assembly-line techniques to turn out large quantities of well-made goods. As early

as 1782 the prolific Delaware inventor Oliver Evans had buiit a highly automated,

laborsaving flour mill driven by water power. His machinery lifted the grain to the top of

the mill, cleaned it as it fell into containers known as hoppers, ground the grain into flour,

25) and then conveyed the flour back to the top of the mill to allow it to cool as it desended

into barrels. Subsequently, manufacturers made use of new improved stationary steam

engines to power their mills. This new technology enabled them to build factories in the

nation's largest cities, taking advantage of urban concentrations of inexpensive labor,

good transportation networks, and eager customers.

What is the passage mainly about？

A．The difficulties of industrialization in North America

B．The influence of changes in manufacturing on the growth of urban centers

C．The rapid speed of industrialization in North America

D．Improved ways of organizing the manufacturing of goods