题目内容
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A．gathering
B．assembling
C．waiting
D．forming
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A、A parole officer（假释官）.
B、A correction officer（狱警）.
C、A detention officer（看守所警察）.
D、A probation officer（感化官）.
Not only this, but, in many cases, the way someone speaks affects the response of the person to whom he is speaking in such a way that "modeling" is seen to occur. This is what Michael Argyle has called "response matching". Several studies have shown that, the more one reveals about oneself in ordinary conversation, and the more intimate these details are, the more personal secrets the other person will divulge.
Response matching, has, in fact, been noted between two speakers in a number of ways, including how long someone speaks, the length of pauses, speech rate and voice loudness. The correspondence between the length of reporters questions when interviewing President Kennedy, and the length of his replies has been shown to have increased over the duration of his 1961—1963 news conferences. Argyle says this process may be one of "imitation". Two American researchers, Jaffe and Feldstein, prefer to think of it as the speaker's need for equilibrium. Neither of these explanations seems particularly convincing. It may be that response matching can be more profitably considered as an unconscious reflection of speakers' needs for social integration with one another.
This process of modeling the other person's speech in a conversation could also be termed speech convergence. It may only be one aspect of a much wider speech change. In other situations, speech divergence may occur when certain factors encourage a person to modify his speech away from the individual he is dealing with. For example, a retired brigadier's wife, renowned for her incessant snobbishness, may return her vehicle to the local garage because of inadequate servicing, voicing her complaint in elaborately phrased, yet mechanically unsophisticated(不老练的) language, with a high soft-pitched voice. These superior airs and graces may simply make the mechanic reply with a flourish of almost incomprehensible technicalities, and in a louder, more deeply-pitched voice than he would have used with a less irritating customer.
What does the example of the English schoolboy in paragraph 1 indicate?______
A．Nowadays, English schoolboys are impolite towards people except towards their teachers
B．The way of asking time is different from that of earlier generations
C．People's speaking styles vary according to the different situations
D．People's ways of speaking are relatively stable on varying occasions
But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.
Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase " less is more" was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so that Mies.
Mies's signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact than a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood—materials that we take for granted today buy that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies's sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.
The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago's Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller—two-bedroom units under 1, 000 square feet—than those in their older neighbors along the city's Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings' details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.
The trend toward "less" was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses—usually around 1, 200 square feet—than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.
The " Case Study Houses" commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the "less is more" trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everyday life—few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers—but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.
The postwar American housing style. largely reflected the Americans'_________.
A．prosperity and growth
B．efficiency and practicality
C．restraint and confidence
D．pride and faithfulness
【B6】______, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the【B7】______. Studies dating back to the 1930's indicate that laughter【B8】______muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.
Such bodily reaction might conceivably help【B9】______the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of【B10】______feedback that improve an individual's emotional state.【B11】______one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted【B12】______physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry【B13】______they are sad but that they become sad when the tears begin to flow.
Although sadness also【B14】______tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow【B15】______muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to【B16】______a pen either with their teeththereby creating an artificial smileor with their lips, which would produce a(n)【B17】______expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles【B18】______more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown,【B19】______that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way a-round.【B20】______, the physical act of laughter could improve mood.
【B1】
A．among
B．except
C．despite
D．like
By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million___(1)___of these nations looked ___(2)___to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism， many of the leaders of independence ___(3)___ the ideas of representative government， careers___(4)___to talent， freedom of commerce and trade， the___(5)___ to private property， and a belief in the individual as the basis of society， ___(6)___there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states， large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a___(7)___set of laws.
On the issue of___(8)___ of religion and the position of the church，___(9)___， there was less agreement___(10)___the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one ___(11)___by the Spanish crown，___(12)___most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism___(13)___the official religion of the new states， some sought to end the ___(14)___of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying___(15)___ for the conservative forces.
The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian， valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had ___(16)___in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain's ___(17)___colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much ___(18)___ because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies ___(19)___ Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was___(20)___ self-rule and democracy.
第 1 题 请选择(1)处最佳答案（ ）。
A．natives
B．inhabitants
C．peoples
D．individuals
One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert's appointment in the Times, calls him "an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him. " As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.
For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.
Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20' century. There recordings are cheap, a-vailable everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today's live performances; moreover , they can be " consumed" at a time and place of the listener's choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.
One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert's own interest in new music has been widely noted; Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into " a markedly different, more vibrant organization. " But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra's repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America's oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract.
A．Literature will become dominant in presenting war stories.
B．People should have their own ideas of what is right and what is wrong.
C．TV images are preoccupying because they express reality.
D．TV programs often aim to assault the traditional standards and mores of society.
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