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提问人：网友tq0fqeu 发布时间：2022-01-07
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Psychologists agree that I.Q. contributes only about 20% of the factors that determine suc

cess. A full 80% comes from other factors, including what I call emotional intelligence. Following are two of the major qualities that make up emotional intelligence, and how they can be developed:

Self-awareness

The ability to recognize a feeling as it happens is the keystone of emotional intelligence. People with greater certainty about their emotions are better pilots of their lives.

Developing self-awareness requires tuning in to what neurologist Antonio Damasio calls "gut feelings". Gut feelings can occur without a person being consciously aware of them. For example, when people who fear snakes are shown a picture of a snake, sensors on their skin will detects sweat, a sign of anxiety, even though the people say they do not feel fear. The sweat shows up even when a picture is presented so rapidly that the subject has no conscious awareness of seeing it.

Through deliberate effort we can become more aware of our gut feelings. Take someone who is annoyed by a rude encounter for hours after it occurred. He may be unaware of his irritability and surprised when someone calls attention to it. But if he evaluates his feelings, he can change them.

Emotional self-awareness is the building block of the next fundamental of emotional intelligence: being able to shake off a bad mood.

Mood Management

Bad as well as good moods spice life and build character. The key is balance.

We often have little control over when we are swept by emotion. But we can have some say in how long that emotion will last. Psychologist Dianne Tice asked more than 400 men and women about their strategies for escaping foul moods. Her research, along with that of other psychologists, provides valuable information on how to change a bad mood.

Of all the moods that people want to escape, rage seems to be the hardest to deal with. When someone in another car eats you off on the highway, your reflexive thought may be: That jerk! He could have hit me! I can't let him get away with that! The more you stew, the angrier you get. Such is the stuff of hypertension and reckless driving.

What should you do to relieve rage？ One myth is that ventilating will make you feel better. In fact, researchers had found that's one of the worst strategies. A more effective technique is "reframing', which means consciously reinterpreting a situation in a more positive light. In the case of the driver who cuts you off, you might tell yourself: Maybe he had some emergency. This is one of the most potent ways, Tice found, to put anger to rest.

Going off alone to cool down is also an effective way to refuse anger, especially if you can't think clearly. Tice found that a large proportion of men cool down by going for a drive—a finding that inspired him to drive more defensively. A safer alternative is exercise, such as taking a long walk. Whatever you do, don’t waste the time pursuing your train of angry thoughts. Your aim should be to distract yourself.

The techniques of reframing and distraction can alleviate depression and anxiety as well as anger. Add to them such relaxation techniques as deep breathing and meditation and you have an arsenal of weapons against bad moods.

According to the author, the importance of knowing one's gut feelings is that

A．one can develop them

B．one can call others' attention to them

C．one may get rid of them

D．one may control them

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更多“Psychologists agree that I.Q. contributes only about 20% of the factors that determine suc”相关的问题
第1题
Psychologists agree that human beings have a strong need to ______ their time; having too
much idle time can be as stressful as having none at all.

A．threaten

B．annihilate

C．structure

D．punctuate

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第2题
Which of the following statements about mental health can be inferred from paragraph 3？A．M

Which of the following statements about mental health can be inferred from paragraph 3？

A．Many psychologists have challenged the idea that mental health is related to positive illusions.

B．Psychologists have only recently begun to consider positive illusions as symptoms of mental disorder.

C．Psychologists now agree that more mental health research is needed to learn how people can gain an accurate perception of reality.

D．Some psychologists now believe that people who lack a realistic self-perception may actually be mentally healthy.

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第3题
Psychologists today recognize childhood as a separate stage of life which can only be unde
rstood in its own terms, and they wonder why the Western world took so long to see the folly of regarding children simply as small, inadequately socialized adults. Most psychologists, however, persist in regarding people 70 to 90 years old as though they were 35 years old who just happen to have white hair and extra leisure time. But old age is as fundamentally different from young adulthood and middle age as childhood is—a fact attested to by the organization of modern social and economic life. Surely it is time, therefore, to acknowledge that serious research into the unique psychology of advanced age has become indispensable. Which one of the following principles, if established, would provide the strongest backing for the argument？

A.Whenever current psychological practice conflicts with traditional attitudes toward people, those traditional attitudes should be changed to bring them in line with current psychological practice.

B.Whenever two groups of people are so related to each other that any member of the second group must previously have been a member of the first, people in the first group should not be regarded simply as deviant members of the second group.

C.Whenever most practitioners of a given discipline approach a particular problem in the same way, that uniformity is good evidence that all similar problems should also be approached in that way.

D.Whenever a society"s economic life is so organized that two distinct times of life are treated as being fundamentally different from one another, each time of life can be understood only in terms of its own distinct psychology.

E.Whenever psychologists agree that a single psychology is inedeuate ior two distant age groups, they should be prepared to show that there are greater differences between the two age groups than there are between individuals in the same age group.

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第4题
听力原文：Most people feel lonely sometimes. But it usually only lasts between a few minute

听力原文： Most people feel lonely sometimes. But it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people though, loneliness can last for years. Now re-searchers say there are three different types of loneliness.

Tile first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation-for example, a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others.

Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their conditions.

Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person’s social contacts, e. g. , friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us e-motional support, our parents and teachers give of guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.

Which of the following is the best title of the passage？

A．Types of Loneliness.

B．Causes of Loneliness.

C．Solutions to Loneliness.

D．Loneliness.

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第5题
Ask three people to look out the same window at a busy street corner and tell you what
they see.Chances are you will receive three different answers.Each person sees the same scene, but each perceives(感觉、察觉) something different about it.

Perceiving goes on in our minds.Of the three people who look out the window, one may say that he sees a policeman giving a motorist a ticket.Another may say that he sees a rush-hour traffic jam at the crossing.The third may tell you that he sees a woman trying to cross the street with four children.For perception is the mind's explanation of what the senses - in this case our eyes - tell us.

Many psychologists today are working to try to decide just how a person experiences or perceives the world around him.Using a scientific method, these psychologists set up experiments in which they can control all of the factors.By measuring and charting the results of many experiments, they are trying to find out what makes different people perceive totally different things about the same scene.

31.Seeing and perceiving are().

A.the same action

B.two separate actions

C.two actions carried on entirely by the eyes

D.several actions that take place at different time

32.Perceiving is an action that takes place().

A.in our eycs

B.only when we think very hard about something

C.only under the direction of a psychologist

D.in every person's mind

33.People perceive different things about the same scene because().

A.they come from different countries

B.they can't agree about things

C.some have better eyesight

D.not clearly mentioned in the passage

34.Psychologists study perception by().

A.setting up many experiments

B.asking each other what they see

C.looking out of the window themselves

D.studying the differences in people's eyes

35.The best title for this passage is().

A.How We See

B.Learning About Our Minds Through Science

C.What Psychologists Perceive

D.How to Become an Experimental Psychologist

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第6题
听力原文：Most people feel lonely sometimes. But it usually only lasts between a few minute

听力原文： Most people feel lonely sometimes. But it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.

The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation--for example, a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their conditions. Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, e.g. , friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.

(30)

A．Types of Loneliness.

B．Causes of Loneliness.

C．Solutions to Loneliness.

D．Loneliness.

点击查看答案
第7题
听力原文：Most people feel lonely sometimes. But it usually only lasts between a few minute

听力原文： Most people feel lonely sometimes. But it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal, For some people though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are throe different types of loneliness.

The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation for example, a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others.

Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their conditions.

Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, e. g. , friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We de pend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they some times feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.

Which of the following is the best title of the passage？

A．Types of Loneliness.

B．Causes of Loneliness.

C．Solutions to Loneliness.

D．Loneliness.

点击查看答案
第8题
请根据短文的内容，回答题。

What Is a Dream？

For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however,think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person&39;s mind and emotions.

Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.

The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person&39;s wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.

The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud&39;s. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.

Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person&39;s daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.

Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.

He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men&39;s dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women&39;s dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.

Can dreams help us understand ourselves？ Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn&39;t panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It&39;s important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.

Not everyone agrees that dreams are meaningful. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

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第9题
听力原文："There is a senseless idea that children grow up and leave home when they're 18,

听力原文： "There is a senseless idea that children grow up and leave home when they're 18, and the truth is far from that, "says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents. "There is a major shift in the middle class," declares sociologist Allan Schnaiberg of Northwestern University, whose son, 19, moved back in after an absence of eight months.

Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. The marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people. A high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental Shelter. For some, the expense of an away-from-home college education has become so excessively great that many students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young people find their wings clipped by high housing costs.

Just how long should adult children live with their parents before moving on？ Most psychologists feel lengthy homecomings are a mistake. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with "a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure". And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities. Many agree that brief visits, however, can work beneficially.

(30)

A．Young adults should leave their parents and live independently.

B．Middle class young adults should stay longer with their parents.

C．Divorced young adults should move back home.

D．Young adults should attend nearby colleges in order to live with their parents.

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第10题
阅读：The oldest and simplest method, then of describing differences in personality was to classify

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

The oldest and simplest method, then of describing differences in personality was to classify people according to types, and such a system is called a Typology. A famous example of this method was set forth in Greece about the year 400 BC.A physician named Hippocrates theorized that there were four fluids, or humors, in the body. Corresponding to each humor, he believed, there existed a definite type of personality.

The four humors were blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm. A person in whom all four humors were in perfect balance had a harmonious personality. If a person had too much blood, he was called sanguine(血红色), or cheerful and optimistic. Someone with too much yellow bile was choleric, or irritable and easily angered. Too much black bile made a person melancholy, or depressed and pessimistic. An oversupply of phlegm caused a human being to be phlegmatic, or slow and unfeeling. Scientists have long since discarded Hippocrates’ fluid theory. But the　names of the humors, corresponding to these temperaments, have survived and are still useful, to some extent, in describing personality.

Other features of people, such as their faces and physics, have also been used to classify personality. Today, however, personality theories and classifications　may also include factors such as heredity(遗传特征), the environment, intelligence , and emotional needs. Psychology, biology, and sociology are involved in these　theories. Because of the complexity of human personality, present day theories are often very different from one another. Psychologists vary in their ideas about what is most important in determining personality.

36.According to Hippocrates’ fluid theory, a man with too much phlegm will be ____.

A.optimistic B.easily angered C.unexcitable D.pessimistic

37.The main idea of this passage is about ____.

A.the complicated factors in determining one’s personality

B.Hippocrates’ fluid theory and its development

C.the past and today of personality classifications and theories

D.different personalities and their details

38.At present, psychologists ____.

A.have common opinion about personality theories and classifications

B.use biology, archaeology and sociology to study personality theories

C.have abandoned Hippocrates’ fluid theory entirely

D.all agree that human beings are characterized with complex personalities

39.The third paragraph mainly talks about ____.

A.Hippocrates’ fluid theory

B.scientists’ points of view on Hippocrutes’ fluid theory

C.Hippocrates’ fluid theory and its fate

D.defects in Hippocrates’ fluid theory

40.According to this passage the factors which are still NOT used to clas sify personality are ____.

A.one’s born features and needs of love and success

B.one’s height and weight

C.one’s hobbies and ideals

D.the environment and intelligence

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