题目内容
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All speakers produce summaries of the sessions they gave.The speakers should write ______ .
A．a proposal for their session.
B．a brief report about their session.
C．full details of whet is in their session.
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更多“All speakers produce summaries of the sessions they gave.The speakers should write______ .”相关的问题
A．a proposal for their session.
B．a brief report about their session.
C．full details of what is in their session.
A．full details of what is in their session.
B．a brief report about their session.
C．a proposal for their session.
D.Interviewer – And why has it become that dominant language？David – I think the reason (4)() that is actually very complicated, although in the twentieth century, we can just see that it's the rise of the US military and consumer power. I mean the technology, all the big developments in technology largely came from the US. So all of these developments actually (5)() within the English language, and people had to learn English in order to understand them, or to benefit (6)() them. The Internet is only one example of that kin
D. Once a language has (7)() that position of dominance, it's actually very difficult (8)() it. So we could be seeing the emergence of other big languages in the world (9)() more important than they have been, like Spanish, but it's unlikely (10)() they're going to shift English from its position of dominance.
1. A. on
B. in
C. with
D. to
2. A. never have
B. never had
C. have never had
D. had never had
3. A. to
B. in
C. with
D. and
4. A. for
B. to
C. in
D. on
5. A. produce
B. are produced
C. have produced
D. were produced
6. A. for
B. to
C. from
D. with
7. A. got into
B. got out of
C. got in
D. got out
8. A. shifted
B. to shift
C. shifting
D. shift
9. A. become
B. to become
C. becoming
D. became
10. A. that
B. which
C. what
D.who
【M1】
With modem audio-recording equipment, there is, of course, no difficulty in recording speakers in many face-to-face situations or on the telephone. Some researchers have ethical objections to such recordings; others adopt a compromise solution of recording without their knowledge and then telling them afterwards. How- ever, suppose one decides to record people with their knowledge, what solutions are there, if any, to the effect of the recording on the speakers？ In many cases, the recording may have to be with the speakers’consent in any case, for example, if recording teachers, doctors, magistrates, or official meetings of different kinds.
One argument, put forward by Wolfson(1976) ,is that there is no such thing as natural speech in any absolute sense. All language changes to be appropriate to the situation. All there is to study, then, is what people regard as appropriate in different situations. In any case, in all social situations, we ale. aware of being monitoned to some extent by others present: being monitored by a tape-recorder and researcher is therefore just a particular example of this. This type of argument usefully points out that the hunt for pure, natural or authentic data is a chimera. On the other hand, we may be investigating how people speak when they are un- comfortable. Being permanently recorded and studied is not a normal situation fox’most people, and those for whom it is an everyday occurance (including celebrities, radio personalities, courtroom lawyers ) develop special strategies to deal with it. There is always the suspicion that in extraordinary situations people produce extraordinary language.
One research strategy is proposed by J. Wilson. lie argues that since speakers will inevitably be affect- ed by the recording, one should deliberately study such effects: what he called tape-affected speech. Exam- pies would include direct references to the recording equipment or uncharacteristically polite usages, or the opposite--deliberately obscene references, for example, where speakers are showing that they do not care what is recorded. This suggestion is useful, insofar as it warns researchers what to be aware of in recordings. On the other hand, we ought to know about normal language, not about such artificially produced ones.
It is regularly proposed that speakers grow used to being recorded, and that tape-affected speeches de- crease with time. One can, therefore, record speakers over some hours or days, and either edit out tape affect- ed sections, or simply discard earlier data. Although this principle seems very plausible, there appears to be no studies which have tested its validity. A similarly plausible but not well-tested claim is that if people are recorded in self-selected groups, then the pressures of interacting in a group will overrid the iuflueuce of the tape-recorder. Labor (1972b) claimes that recording Negro youths in their peer groups deceased the attention they paid to their speech. On the other hand, he was recording gangs of boys who might have gone out of their way to display their group solidarity to the observer. A different version of this argument is to record natural social groups. I di
A．talking about file practical problems concerning obtaining good quality audio - recordings
B．talking about the theoretical problems concerning obtaining good quality audio - recordings
C．talking about the observer’s paradox
D．talking about the speaker’s styles and conscious control
With modern audio-recording equipment, there is, of course, no difficulty in recording speakers in many face-to-face situations or on the telephone. Some researchers have ethical objections to such recordings;oth ers adopt a compromise solution of recording without their knowledge and then telling them afterwards. How ever, suppose one decides to record people with their knowledge ,what solutions are there, if any,to the effect of the recording on the speakers7 In many cases ,the recording may have to be with the speakers' consent in any case ,for example, if recording teachers, doctors, magistrates, or official meetings of different kinds.
One argument, put forward by Wolfson(1976) ,is that there is no such thing as natural speech in any absolute sense. All language changes to be appropriate to the situation. All there is to study, then, is what people regard as appropriate in different situations. In any case, in all social situations, we are aware of being monitored to some extent by others present: being monitored by a tape-recorder and researcher is therefore just a particular example of this. This type of argument usefully points out that the hunt for pure, natural or authentic data is a chimera. On the other hand, we may be investigating how people speak when they are un comfortable. Being permanently recorded and studied is not a normal situation for most people, and those for whom it is an everyday occurance (including celebrities, radio personalities, courtroom lawyers) develop special strategies to deal with it. There is always the suspicion that in extraordinary situations people produce extraordinary language.
One research strategy is proposed by J. Wilson. He argues that since speakers will inevitably be affect ed by the recording, one should deliberately study such effects: what he called tape-affected speech. Examples would include direct references to the recording equipment or uncharacteristically polite usages, or the opposite--deliberately obscene references, for example, where speakers are showing that they do not care what is recorded. This suggestion is useful, insofar as it warns researchers what to be aware of in recordings. On the other hand, we ought to know about normal language, not about such artificially produced ones.
It is regularly proposed that speakers grow used to being recorded, and that tape-affected speeches de crease with time. One can, therefore, record speakers over some hours or days, and either edit out tape affect ed sections, or simply discard earlier data. Although this principle seems very plausible, there appears to be no studies which have tested its validity. A similarly plausible but not well-tested claim is that if people are recorded in self-selected groups, then the pressures of interacting in a group will overrid the influeuce of the tape-recorder. Labov (1972b) claimes that recording Negro youths in their peer groups decreased the attention they paid to their speech. On the other hand, he was recording gangs of boys who might have gone out of their way to display their group solidarity to the observer. A different version of this argument is to record natural social groups. I did so in
A．talking about the practical problems concerning obtaining good quality audio -recordings
B．talking about the theoretical problems concerning obtaining good quality audio- recordings
C．talking about the observer's paradox
D．talking about the speaker's styles and conscious control
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