What type of economy was now complete?A.A balanced stock-driven economy.B.A balanced credi
What type of economy was now complete?
A.A balanced stock-driven economy.
B.A balanced credit-driven economy.
C.A balanced consumer-driven economy.
What type of economy was now complete?
A.A balanced stock-driven economy.
B.A balanced credit-driven economy.
C.A balanced consumer-driven economy.
(Diversification of Risk through Financial Intermediation) In an economy, there are many independent and identically distributed projects, that is, each project requires $10m of investment and pays back in a year of either $15m with probability 90% or $0m (fails) with probability 10%, while the payout of each project does not depend on the payout of other projects. a) What is the expected rate of return on each project, what is the standard deviation of rate of return? Note: The rate of return refers to net rate of return. b) Suppose a bank is to invest in two such projects, what is the payout structure of the investment? That is, lay out the possible outcomes and the probability of each outcome. What is the mean and standard deviation of the rate of return on this investment? c) What is the mean and standard deviation of the rate of return if a bank is to investment in N projects? What happens if N goes to infinity (N→∞)? d) Suppose the banks in this economy are competitive, what is maximu rate of return a bank can offer on the one-year fixed time deposit if the bank has sufficient fund to invest, i.e. N→∞ ? e) If a risk averse investor has $10m and he can either invest in one project or buy the one-year Certificate Deposit (CD, fixed time deposit) with the maximum rate of return offered by the bank. He is risk averse, with expected utility function as , where is his consumption at the end of year 1 (the consumer may not know the value at the beginning of the year). Suppose he will only consume at the end of year one and will consume whatever he has at that time. At the beginning of the year, will he invest in CD or the project to maximize his expected utility? f) Suppose the project in part a) is the only type of project in this economy, and a fund manager tell you that his fund can offer you an investment opportunity with promised return of 30% in a year and no risk. Would you want to invest? Why and why not?
Buying a New Car
Decide What You Can Afford, Want, and Need
A car is one of the most important and costly purchases you may make. By preparing yourself before you start shopping for a car, you can make the buying process much easier. Besides helping you decide what is best for you, your research and preparation will help you get the best deal.
Some people may have saved enough money to be able to pay cash for a new car. Others must finance the purchase. Take a careful look at your budget to determine how much you can afford to spend as a down payment on a new car and how much you can spend on monthly payments.
Once you have decided on your price range, decide what type of car you want and need. When making this decision, consider how many passengers will be riding in the vehicle and the kind of driving you do. While a sports coupe(双座四轮车) might be just what you need to get back and forth to work, a larger vehicle may be in order if you need the car to shuttle children to and from various activities.
Information Equals Bargaining Leverage (杠杆)
Once you decide on the type of car you need, it is time to do your research to narrow down the choices. A number of publications and other resources can provide comparison information rating the vehicles within specific categories. Compare such areas as safety, reliability, fuel economy, warranties, operating costs, general features, and options when making your decision.
Safety
Consider the safety features offered in a car. More and more auto makers are offering air bags on the front passenger's side, in addition to the driver's side. Air bags automatically inflate (膨胀) on impact to provide a cushion.
Other optional safety features include built-in child safety seats, anti-lock brakes, and traction control. Anti-lock brakes keep the wheels from locking up and skidding out of control when the driver slams on the brakes suddenly, or hits a slick spot in the road. Also, consider whether the car has good outward visibility, and whether or not the gauges on the instrument panel are easy to read. Reliability
A number of sources compare maintenance costs on vehicles and have compiled information about repairs that are likely with particular models. Information is also available on the number of complaints filed about particular cars.
Fuel Economy
Mandated(批准) by federal law, fuel economy has improved over the years. The average fuel economy is now more than 28 miles per gallon. Federal law requires an Environmental Protection Agency label to be placed on the window of every new car, listing average fuel economy for city and highway driving according to EPA tests. The ratings are intended to be a comparison between models. Depending on how and where you drive, your actual mileage may not match the estimates.
Warranties
Compare each car's warranty coverage, which may vary widely among car manufacturers. Consider the length of the warranty, mileage limits, and deductibles. Some cars have basic warranties, which cover the entire vehicle, while others have limited warranties.
Operating Costs
A number of publications offer estimates on what it costs to operate a car in a year's time. These costs vary greatly from one model to another, with luxury cars costing more than economy cars. The factors included in operating costs arc fuel, oil, maintenance, and tires. Other costs associated with ownership, which also vary greatly, are insurance, depreciation, taxes, and licensing.
General Features
Consider your particular needs when analyzing different vehicles, For instance, if you need a lot of trunk space for hauling groceries, baseball equipment, or boxes of supplies for your office, cho
A.Y
B.N
C.NG
Currently, in many countries of the world, people are facing problems caused by inflation, which is a de crease in the purchasing power of money because of continuous rises in the prices of available goods. There are two different kinds of inflation, each of which can affect people's lives.
When inflation is discussed, people generally refer to an increase in prices, wages, and the amount of money circulating in a country’s economy. The most common type of inflation is called creeping inflation be cause there is a steady but manageable increase in the rate of inflation within a year. Prices rise continuously, so that workers ask for higher wages to cover the increasing costs of housing, food, and transportation. Al though such wage increases are inflationary, they are often unavoidable. As a result, a government may have to impose price and wage controls in order to control this type of inflation.
A less common type of inflation is called hyperinflation, which is usually due to war or occupation by a foreign country. During a period of hyperinflation, price levels double rapidly. Because there is too much money available in the economy, the currency decreased in value, and people lose confidence in their government's financial competence. To win back the trust of the people, the government may create a new currency.
Regardless of the type of inflation that a country's economy is experiencing, inflation affects every individual in that society. In the United States, for example, many families could no longer afford to buy at today's prices the homes that they bought years ago. As long as the costs of food and entertainment continue to rise, people will be forced to modify their lifestyles. People on fixed incomes such as pensions or scholar ships have such serious financial problems that they cannot live decently, since their incomes do not keep up with the rate of inflation.
Until there is cooperation not only among individuals within any given country but also among the various governments of the world, inflation will not continue to trouble many of us.
With what topic is the passage primarily concerned?
A.Different causes of inflation,
B.A significant economic issue--inflation.
C.The trouble caused by inflation.
D.The control of inflation.
A.better design
B.more efficient transmissions
C.higher fuel economy
D.less reliance on gasoline
1. Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, _______others are sentitive to the smells of both flowers. A. when B. since C. for D. while 2. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _____ it comes to classroom tests. A. before B. as C. since D. when 3. _______ to speak when the audience interrupted him. A. Hardly had he begun B. No sooner hardly had he begun C. Not until he begin D. Scarcely had he begin 4. Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to _______ it has all but lost the will and skill to speak for itself. A. as B. which C. that D. what 5. He can continue to support himself and his family _________ he produces a surplus. A. only if B. much as C. long before D. ever since 6. He will surely finish the job on time __________ he has left to do it in his own way. A. in that B. in case C. as far as D. so long as 7. ________ its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part timers and temporary workers. A. Even though B. Now that C. If only D. Provided that 8. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, ______ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. A. provided B. since C. although D. supposing 9. _________ what he achieved in medicine he remained modest. A. Despite B. Although C. If D. Whereas 10. The theory that the earth was flat was very popular in ancient Rome. This view, _________, has generally proved to be wrong nowadays. A. however B. meanwhile C. therefore D. moreover
A、Study of Business Environment
B、Study of financial position of the economy
C、Study of the Economy at Micro Level
A.development of economy
B.recovery of economy
C.expansion of economy
D.prosperity of economy
What has happened to Japan's economy?
A.Economic revival.
B.Deteriorating economic situation.
C.An increase in GDP.
D.An increase in import.
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