题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A．national governments
B．stock brokers who trade in the assets of the firms in different nations
C．traders at other banks
D．nonfinancial companies that sometimes want to buy and sell different currencies
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（由简答题聘请的专业题库老师提供的解答）
更多“The retail part of the foreign exchange market does not include traders at banks trading with:”相关的问题
E-commerce Is Here to Stay
Neither the absolute level of Internet sales nor the growth rate tells the whole story, but this year e-commerce became a mainstream retail channel.
You don't have to look far to find reasons for pessimism, however: a sluggish economy, the aftershocks of Sept. 11, and the problems of particular Web retailers. And even if consumer e-tailers don't post big numbers during the holiday shopping season, Web retailers have done a lot of work behind the scenes to make the Internet a viable channel overall.
Web commerce now has a more reasonable set of expectations. Many a dot-com company boasted that it would put traditional stores out of business. Remember Web grocers？ Like many of their dot-com peers, those who went it alone folded or were consumed by traditional grocers. Now, the once independent Web grocers make up the online channel for retail supermarkets.
Likewise, e-tailers seldom think of themselves any more as the entire sales channel--but that doesn't mean they are disappearing altogether. Instead, they now form. one part of a larger selling strategy.
Not only has the Web channel become mainstream, but also it has helped make a multichannel approach more effective. A customer can buy a sweater online, and then return it at the store. Or a customer can try that same sweater on in the store but buy it online. An online presence improves the shopping experience for consumers, while retailers benefit from the different points of interaction with potential customers.
Finally, retail Web sites have done a better job at fulfillment, especially when dealing with tricky problems such as merchandise returns. Sites have also gotten better at delivering on promises. This year, you probably won't see as many people complaining that the toys they bought for Christmas haven't shown up or that orders were duplicated. Customer relationship management technology has helped sites manage customer concerns and improve relationships with customers.
So don't fall for the head-shaking this season over online retail. Business-to-consumer e-commerce is more than just here to stay—it's here now.
The pessimistic view on the sluggish business on the whole is NOT due to
A．the problems of Web purchasers.
B．the aftershocks of Sept. 11.
C．a sluggish economy.
D．the problems of particular Web retailers.
How to approach Writing Test Part One
？Part One counts for one third of the total marks in the Writing Test.
？You should spend no more than 15 minutes on Part One.
？You will be asked to write a note, memo, email or message to one or more people in your company
？The first bullet point of the instructions outlines the situation.
？The second bullet point tells you what you should write, who you are writing it for, and the points that must be included.
？It is best to follow the order of the points that are required, as you will lose marks if you leave out any of them.
Planning
？Read the instructions carefully so that you know what to do, and underline the key words.
Writing
？Express yourself briefly and clearly
？For a memo or email you don't need to include to, from, date or subject.
？Try to use a range of appropriate vocabulary and grammatical structures.
？Make the language suitable for the reader(s).
Checking
？After writing, read what you have written, correct mistakes and make improvements. If you want to add anything, use a sign, e.g. *. Put a line through anything you want to omit. Don't rewrite the whole of your answer;
？Make sure the examiner will be able to read your answer. Use a pen and your normal handwriting (do not write in capital letters).
？Check that you have written your answer in 40-50 words.
？You are a manager in a large retail company. The directors have recently decided to introduce a staff suggestion scheme. You have been asked to organise the introduction of the scheme.
？Write a note to your assistant:
？saying when the scheme will begin
？explaining the purpose of the scheme
？asking him to inform. staff about the scheme.
？Write 40 - 50 words.
A.paltry
B.handsome
C.considerable
D.significant
A、organizational density.organizational density.
B、organizational structure.
C、organizational culture.
D、strategic control systems.
E、competitive environment.
（） is concerned with purchasing and arranging inbound movement of materials, parts, and/or finished inventory from suppliers to manufacturing or assembly plants, warehouses, or retail stores.
A．Market distribution
B．Procurement
C． Manufacturing support
D．Inventory
What is the main point of the article？
A．This article explains why European retail is one of the few industries anywhere on the globe.
B．In Europe, government prevent the Wal-Martification.
C．The real megastore action is moving outside Western Europe.
D．Safeway has become a particularly hot commodity in part because many of its stores have the combination of size and location.
A．Nissan trying to attract the young with promotional blogs and a videogame.
B．Sony offering a racing game for players to virtually drive the latest model.
C．Toyota Motors opening an auto mall as part of a suburban shopping complex.
D．Apple moving its products out of the soulless superstore and into retail spaces.
A．Nissan trying to attract the young with promotional blogs and a videogame.
B．Sony offering a racing game for players to virtually drive the latest model.
C．Toyota Motors opening an auto mall as part of a suburban shopping complex.
D．Apple moving its products out of the soulless superstore and into retail spaces.
Often people proclaim they've accepted e-commerce because it's "green". This is understandable. If many shopping bags in a depression looks bad, bricks and mortar retail — huge out-of-town shopping centres, retail shopping center that insist on leaving their doors open even in winter and grocery stores full of the most inefficient freezers — look terrible during an ecological emergency.
Should we buy the idea that e-commerce is any better？ Several studies have tried to answer this with cold, hard data.
A 2, 000 study on Webvan, a now disappearing US online grocer, concluded that a wider a-doption of e-commerce would not give us environmental gains, while a 2, 002 study of US book retailing found no greater energy savings selling online. But the study that all e-tailers are talking a-bout is a new one from Carnegie Mellon University, which has found that shopping online via Buy. corn's e-commerce model for electronic products uses 35 percent less energy consumption and C02 emissions than a traditional bricks model.
This is largely because it avoids the usual retail distribution model and, of course, the impact of consumers driving to a store. And, from the shopper's perspective, online buying often allows you to avoid the desire for retail.
But both models are flawed, because online or on the high street, retailers are dependent on a hydrocarbon-fuelled delivery system. Trucks deliver 4. 8m tonnes of freight each day in the UK, which works out at about 80kg per person. To make matters worse, after a truck drops off the goods it often returns empty to the depot. A 2002 study of 20, 000 transportation trips found that only 2.4% of return journey legs found suitable backloads. This journey represents a large part of the impact of what we buy.
Online shopping may prove marginally more green in terms of energy saving, but we shouldn't forget progressive retail. Places such as Ludlow in Shropshire, a fairtrade town based on ethical trading ideas, where the independent high street has been hard won. It brings consumers face to face with products with shortened supply chain and with values. This is a wiser and wider retail experience; anything else could leave you feeling short change.
The main idea of the first paragraph is
A．The economy remains depression.
B．More and more people like to choose online shopping.
C．Shopping center are growing.
D．Online shopping is cheaper than shopping center.
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