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提问人：网友oldhen 发布时间：2022-01-07
[主观题]

One of the odd things about some business organizations is that they spend so much money t

o lure new customers and spend so little to keep them after they've been landed. It just doesn't make sense. Taking customers for granted is routine in some larger organizations, where mere bigness generates an attitude of indifference.

Loyal customers are an organization's only protection against bankruptcy, and losing them because of neglect or indifference is downright sinful. Not only do satisfied customers continue to fatten the till, they often encourage others to buy. This is advertising that doesn't cost a penny. And although there are always problems in giving good service to customers, maintaining their patronage(光顾) isn't all that difficult. It's a matter of attitude, of believing that everyone who buys from you is entitled to the best treatment you can deliver. Plus giving just a little more than you have to.

We said there are always problems in giving good service to customers. The reason, of course, is that no organization is perfect, and there's many a slip: unreasonable delays in filling orders, shipping the wrong merchandise, failing to answer letters promptly, and so on.

Sometimes these errors or failures can't be helped. For example, if you can't get parts because of material shortages or a transportation strike, customers may be denied the goods they've ordered. And not infrequently the customer is to blame—for example, failing to clearly identify the article or service required.

Yet no matter who is at fault, customers whom you value highly should generally be given the benefit of the doubt. Note that we said "customers whom you value highly." The old saying(格言) goes that all customers should be treated alike is a myth. Customers who repeatedly place large orders and pay for them will naturally, get more attention than those who buy infrequently and have to be badgered to pay what they owe. However, you have to make the assumption that all customers are good unless proved otherwise.

The main idea of the passage is best expressed by which of the following？ _____

A．Business organizations should not spend so much money to attract new customers

B．Maintaining customers' patronage is the most important to business organizations'

C．Customers are kings

D．Organizations should pay more attention to the benefit of their customers

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Was besagt die absolute Einkommenshypothese von Keynes？
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第2题
GDP is the market value of all final goods and services produced by a country’s citizens in a given period of time.
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第3题
Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One's thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy; one's own past is a gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that one's emotions used to be more active than they are, and one's mind more keen. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true.

The other thing to be avoided is clinging tightly to youth in the hope of sucking vigor from its vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them. I do not mean that one should be without interest in them, but one's interest should be thoughtful and, if possible, kindly but not unduly emotional. Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves, but human beings, owing to the length of early childhood, find this difficult.

I think that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal interest involving appropriate activities. It is in this sphere that long experience is really fruitful, and it is in this sphere that the wisdom born of experience can be exercised without being oppressive. It is no use telling grown-up children not to make mistakes, both because they will not believe you, and because mistakes are an essential pan of education. But if you are one of those who are incapable of impersonal interest, you may find that your life will be empty unless you concern yourself with your children and grandchildren. In that case you must realize that while you can still render them material services, such as making them an allowance or knitting them sweaters, you must not expect that they will enjoy your company.

The passage is mainly about ______.

A．how to deal with old age

B．how to cultivate impersonal interests

C．how to get along with your children

D．how to deal with old people

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第4题
He ________ of me the best way to go.

A、investigated

B、inquired

C、frightened

D、resorted

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第5题
Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities—as well as new and significant risks. Civil right activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack of access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500, 000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government, Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.

Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to 1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980's is estimated to be over $3 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade.

Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investment in new plants, staff, equipment and the like in order to perform. work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company's efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.

A second risk is that White owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionment through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil right groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as "fronts" with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.

Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often runs the danger of becoming and remaining dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases; when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.

Notes:

civil rights activists 公民权利激进分子

Hispanics 西班牙后裔美国人

sizable orders 大额订单

subcontract 转包合同

on forms filed with the government 在政府存档备案

percentage goals 指标

apportionment 分配，分派

public works 市政工程

letup 减弱，缓和

promising as it is... 这是as引导的上步状语从句，表语倒装了

patronage 优惠

concern n. 公司

and the like 以及诸如此类的

crippling fixed expenses 引起损失的固定开支

the world of 大量的

bid 投标

to cash in on ...靠......赚钱

team up 一起工作, 合作

"fronts" 此处意为"摆门面"

Complacency 自满

The primary purpose of the text is to

A．present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies.

B．describe a situation and its potential drawbacks.

C．propose a temporary solution to a problem.

D．analyze a frequent source of disagreement.

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第6题
During recent years we have heard much about "race": how this race does certain things and that race believes certain things and so on. Yet, the (1)_____ phenomenon of race consists of a few surface indications.

We judge race usually (2)_____ the coloring of the skin: a white race, a brown race, a yellow race and a black race. But (3)_____ you were to remove the skin you could not (4)_____ anything about the race to which the individual belonged. There is (5)_____ in physical structure, the brain or the internal organs to (6)_____ a difference.

There are four types of blood. (7)_____ types are found in every race, and no type is distinct to any race. Human brains are the (8)_____. No scientists could examine a brain and tell you the race to which the individual belonged. Brains win (9)_____ in size, but this occurs within every race. (10)_____ does size have anything to do with intelligence. The largest brain (11)_____ examined belonged to a person of weak (12)_____. On the other hand, some of our most distinguished people have had (13)_____ brains.

Mental tests which are reasonably (14)_____ show no differences in intelligence between races. High and low test results both can be recorded by different members of any race. (15)_____ equal educational advantages, there will be no difference in average standings, either on account of race or geographical location. Individuals of every race (16)_____ civilization to go backward or forward. Training and education can change the response of groups of people, (17)_____ enable them to behave in a (18)_____ way.

The behavior. and ideals of people change according to circumstances, but they can always go back or go on to something new (19)_____ is better and higher than anything (20)_____ the past.

A．complete

B．full

C．total

D．whole

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第7题
___________

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第8题
The difference between “gentlemaninwaiting” and “journeyman” is that .[A] educat
The difference between “gentlemaninwaiting” and “journeyman” is that .

［A］ education trained gentlemaninwaiting to climb higher ladders

［B］ journeyman was ready to take whatever was given to him

［C］ gentlemaninwaiting belonged to a fixed and high social class

［D］ journeyman could do practically nothing without education

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第9题
The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. "Hooray! At last'" wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.

One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert's appointment in the Times, calls him "an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him. " As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.

For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.

Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20' century. There recordings are cheap, a-vailable everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today's live performances; moreover , they can be " consumed" at a time and place of the listener's choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.

One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert's own interest in new music has been widely noted; Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into " a markedly different, more vibrant organization. " But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra's repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America's oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract.

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