题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A、critical
B、evil
C、positive
D、civil
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（由简答题聘请的专业题库老师提供的解答）
更多“Smoking is compared to self-poisoning and self-destroying, thus making the _________ ”相关的问题
Smoking is compared to self-poisoning and self-destroying, thus making the effects of smoking cigarettes truly alarming.
A.minute
B.diagnostic
C.synthetic
D.evil
There are a number of factors, which determine the onset of smoking, and these are largely psychological and social. They include availability of cigarettes, curiosity, rebelliousness, appearing thought, anticipation of adulthood, social confidence, the example of parents and teachers, and smoking by friends and older brothers and sisters.
It should be much easier to prevent children from starting to smoke than to persuade adults to give up the habit once established, but in fact this has proved very difficult. The example set by people in authority, especially parents, health care workers, and teachers, is of prime importance. School roles should forbid smoking by children on the premises. This role has been introduced at Summerhill School where I spent my schooldays.
There is, however, a risk of children smoking just to rebel against the rules, and even in those schools which have tried to enforce no smoking by corporal punishment there is as much smoking as in other schools. Nevertheless, banning smoking is probably on balance beneficial. Teachers too should not smoke on school premises, at least not in front of children.
In this passage the author puts an emphasis on ______.
A．the effect of smoking among children
B．the difficulty in preventing children from smoking
C．the reasons why children start smoking among children
D．the measures to ban smoking among children
只需填写所选单词前的大写字母。
Bans on smoking in bars and restaurants can greatly improve the air quality in such establishments. For example, one study listed on the website of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that New York's statewide law to 1)_______ smoking in enclosed workplaces and public places substantially reduced RSP (respirable suspended particles) levels in western New York 2) ___________ venues. RSP levels were reduced in every venue that permitted smoking before the law was implemented, including venues in which only second-hand smoke from an adjacent room was 3) ______________ at baseline. The CDC concluded that their results were 4) _______ to other studies which also showed substantially improved indoor air quality after smoking bans. A 2004 study showed New Jersey bars and restaurants had more than nine times the levels of indoor air pollution of neighboring New York City, which had enacted its ban. Research has also shown that improved air quality translates to decreased toxin 5) _______ among employees. For example, among employees of the Norwegian establishments that enacted smoking bans, tests showed improved (decreased) levels of nicotine in the urine of both smoking and non-smoking workers (as compared with measurements prior to the ban). 1) _______
根据下列文章,请回答 36～40 题。
Ulcers
Even though ulcers appear to run in families, lifestyle. Plays more of a role than genetic(基因的)factors in causing the illness，according to a report in the April l3th issue of Journal of Internal Medicine．In particular, smoking and stress in men and the regular use of pain-releasing medicines in women were linked with an increased risk Of developing an ulcer(溃疡)。
Overall。61%of ulcer risk appears to be due to environmental factors，such as smoking，and the remainin9 39%is due to genes，according to Dr．Ismo Raiha of the University of Turkey and colleagues at the University of Helsinki，Finland．Some researchers had suggested that families may spread Helicobacter pylori(幽门螺旋菌)，the bacteria(细菌)that can cause ulcers．However，the new study suggests this is unlikely, according to the report．
Raiha and colleagues studied data from more than 13．000 pairs of twins to examine the roles of genetic and environmental factors in the origin of ulcer．Both twins were more likely to develop an ulcer if the pair were genetically the same as compared with a pair of fraternal(由两受精卵发育而成的)twins，suggesting that there must be some genetic susceptibility(敏感性)to ulcer development．
However The risk was no greater in twins living together compared with twins living part，suggesting that shared exposure to H．pylori was not to blame．“Environmental effects were not due to factors shared by family members，and they were related to smoking and stress in men and the use of pain—releasing medicines in women。”The authors write in their report．
第 36 题 The report attributes the risk of men developing an ulcer partly to
A．smoking and stress．
B．the kinds of food they eat．
C．the size of the family．
D．the use of certain medicines．
Cigars Instead？
Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth, and throat, according to a government study.
Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus, and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (voicebox) sixfold, say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.
In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers.
The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article "Cigars: Health Effects and Trends". The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines.
"This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase in cigar use and the significant public health consequences for the country," said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute, in a statement.
"The data are clear — the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are associated with the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases," he added. "In other words, cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive."
"To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advice is — don't. To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and lung disease risks," warned Klausner.
According to a National Cancer Institute press release, there haven't been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events, but "... a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke."
According to the report, smoking three or four cigars a day
A．increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers.
B．greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers.
C．increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers.
D．greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers.
Cigars Instead
Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth, and throat, according to a government study.
Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus, and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (voice box) six fold , say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.
In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers.
The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article "Cigars: Health Effects and Trends". The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines.
"This article provides clear and invalidating information about the disturbing increases in cigar use and the significant public health consequences for the country. " said Dr. Richard Riausner, director of the National Cancer Institute, in a statement.
"The data are clear—the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are associated with the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases. " he added. "In other words, cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive. "
"To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advice is—don't. Tothose currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and lung disease risks. " warned Klausner.
According to a National Cancer Institute press releases , there haven't been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events, but "'"a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke. "
According to the report, smoking three or four cigars a day______.
A．increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers.
B．greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers.
C．increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers.
D．greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers.
请根据短文内容，回答题。
Cigars Instead？
Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth, and throat, according to a government study.
Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus, and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (voice-box) six-fold, say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.
In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers.
The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article "Cigars: Health Effects and Trends." The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines.
"This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase in cigar use and the significant public health consequences for the country," said Dr. Richard Klausner,director of the National Cancer Institute, in a statement.
"The data are clear -- the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are associated with the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases," he added. "In other words, cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive."
"To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advice is -- don&39;t. To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and lung disease risks," warned Klausner.
According to National Cancer Institute press release, there haven&39;t been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events, but "...a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates and increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke."
According to the report， smoking three or four cigars a day __________. 查看材料
A.increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers
B.greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers
C.increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers
D.greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers
阅读材料，回答题：
Cigars Instead？
Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth, and
throat, according to a government study.
Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus, and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (voice box) sixfold, say researchers at the National Cancer Institu- te in Bethesda, Maryland.
In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers.
The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article "Cigars: Health Effects and Trends". The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines.
"This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase in cigar use and the significant public health consequences for the country," said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute, in a statement.
"The data are clear--the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like ciga- rettes, are associated with the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases," he added. " In other words, cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive. "
"To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advice is don&39;t. To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and lung disease risks," warned Klausner.
According to a National Cancer Institute press release, there haven&39;t been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events, but "... a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke. "
According to the report， smoking three or four cigars a day 查看材料
A.increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers
B. greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers
C.increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers
D.greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers
请根据短文的内容，回答题。
Cigars Instead？
Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth, and throat,according to a government study"＜br＞
Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus, and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (voice-box) six-fold, say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.＜br＞
In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers.＜br＞
The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article Cigars: Health Effects and Trends. The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines.＜br＞
"This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase in cigar use and the significant public health consequences for the country," said Dr. Richard Klausner,director of the National Cancer Institute, in a statement.＜br＞
"The data are clear -- the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes,are associated with the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases," he added. "In other words, cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive."＜br＞
"To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advice is -- don&39;t. To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and lung disease risks," warned Klausner.＜br＞
According to National Cancer Institute press release, there haven&39;t been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events, but "...a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke.
According to the report， smoking three or four cigars a day __________. 查看材料
A.increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers
B.greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers
C.increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers
D.greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers
Part B
Directions :
Read the short speeches on, the health effects of smoking given by five doctors. For questions 61 to
65, match the name of each doctor to one of the statements (A to G)given. below. Mark your answers
on, ANS WER SHEET1.
Panla:
There is no safe cigarette and no safe level of consumption. Some smokers think that switching
from stronger to milder cigarettes makes smoking safer, but this isn't true. For smokers usually
swallow the smoke deeper, or they often smoke the cigarettes to the shortest length. So, even if
you do make the switch but don't make these changes, the health benefits are very small when
compared to the benefits of quitting.
Jenny:
Anyone who smokes is at a risk of being harmed physically. As you continue to smoke, your
body learns to depend on cigarettes and you can smoke more and more. Just three cigarettes a day
can spark potentially fatal heart disease, and women are particularly at risk. It is never too early for
cigarettes to cause damage; it can start with the first cigarette.
Joanne:
There are many short-term health effects of smoking. A major consequence is decreased lung
function. This often leads to shortness of breath, constant cough and tiring easily during exercise.
Smoking also reduces the ability to smell and taste and causes early ageing of skin. Often people
don't realize that a smoking-related disease could be developing for years before it is detected. A
" smoker' s cough" or shortness of breath are early signs of problems which can be fatal.
Jocelyn :
For women, cigarette smoking increases the risk of a number of sex-specific health problems.
Smoking women can experience irregular periods. Smokers that are on the pill have a greater risk
of heart attack, stroke and other diseases. What' s more, stroke doesn' t only affect elderly people.
People in their 20s and 30s also die from strokes caused by smoking.
Amanda:
Many young women regard their smoking as short term, and don't believe they will develop
the long-term health effects of smoking. Often there' s a sense that you can just quit sometime in
the future. However, your current smoking is doing you damage, and it won't be easier to quit at
a later stage. The time to quit smoking is sooner rather than later. Smoking women in the family
way can have difficulties during childbirth.
Now match the name of each person,(61 t0 65) to the appropriate statement.
Note : there are two extra statements.
Statements
[A] Smoking affects all, though it is more damaging to women.
[B] Smoking is always damaging regardless of what cigarettes to be
[C] The longer you smoke, the more difficult you will give it up.
[D] Damage can be done as soon as you start smoking.
[E] Smoking will cause the early ageing of the women in the family way.
[F] People often overlook the early signs of the deadly problems resulting from smoking.
[G] Male smokers are more likely to develop smoking-related diseases than female smokers.
61. Paula
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