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提问人:网友waste2002 发布时间:2022-01-07
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Subjective thought refers to the thought with which human is the center to observe, analyze and research into objects.

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更多“Subjective thought refers to the thought with which human is the center to observe, analyze and rese…”相关的问题
第1题
In what way is ethics comparable to language usage?A.Both have rules to make the optimal c

In what way is ethics comparable to language usage?

A.Both have rules to make the optimal choice under a circumstance.

B.Both vary according to the context they are applicable to,

C.Both are thought to be objective, not subjective, existence.

D.Both contain sets of rules applied in quite different conditions.

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第2题
Like time, space is perceived differently in different cultures. Spatial consciousness in
many Western cultures is based on a perception of objects in Space, rather than of space itself. Westerners perceive shapes and dimensions, in which space is a realm of light, color, sight, and touch. Benjamin L. Whorl, in his classic work Language, Thought and Reality, offers the following explanation as one reason why Westerners perceive space in this manner. Western thought and language mainly developed from the Roman, Latin-speaking, culture, which was a practical, experience-based system. Western culture has generally followed Roman thought patterns in viewing objective "reality" as the foundation for subjective or "inner" experience. It was only when the intellectually crude Roman culture became influenced by the abstract thinking of the Greek culture that the Latin language developed a significant vocabulary of abstract, nonspatial terms. But the early Roman-Latin element of spatial consciousness, of concreteness, has been maintained in Western thought and language patterns, even though the Greek capacity for abstract thinking and expression was also inherited.

However, some cultural-linguistic systems developed in the opposite direction, that is, from an abstract and subjective vocabulary to a more concrete one For example, Whorl tells us that in the Hopi language the word heart, a concrete term, can be shown to be a late formation from the abstract terms think or remember, Similarly, although it seems to Westerners, and especially to Americans, that objective, tangible "reality" must precede any subjective or inner experience, in fact, many Asian and other non-European cultures view inner experience as the basis for one's perceptions of physical reality. Thus although Americans are taught to perceive and react to the arrangement of objects in space and to think of space as being "wasted" unless it is filled with objects, the Japanese are trained to give meaning to space itself and to value "empty" space.

It is not only the East and the West that are different in their patterning of space. We can also see cross-cultural varieties in spatial perception when we look at arrangements of urban space in different Western cultures. For instance, in the United States, cities are usually laid out along a grid, with the axes generally north/south and east/west. Streets and buildings are numbered sequentially. This arrangement, of course, makes perfect sense to Americans. When Americans walk in a city like Paris, which is laid out with the main streets radiating from centers, they often get lost. Furthermore, streets in Paris are named, not numbered, and the names often change after a few blocks. It .is amazing to Americans how anyone gets around, yet Parisians seem to do well. Edward Hall, in The Silent Language, suggests that the layout of space characteristic of French cities is only one aspect of the theme of centralization that characterizes French culture. Thus Paris is the center of France, French government and educational systems are highly centralized, and in French offices the most important person has his or her desk in the middle of the office.

Another aspect of the cultural patterning of space concerns the functions of spaces. In middle class America, specific spaces are designated for specific activities. Any intrusion of one activity into a space that it was not designed for is immediately felt as inappropriate. In contrast, in Japan, this case is not true: Walls are movable, and rooms are used for one purpose during the day and another purpose in the evening and at night. In India there is yet another culturally patterned use of space. The function of space in India, both in public and in private places, is connected with concepts of superiority and inferiority. In Indian cities, villages, and even within the home, certain spaces are designated as polluted, or inferior, becau

A.Y

B.N

C.NG

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第3题
Like time, space is perceived differently in different cultures. Spatial consciousness in
many Western cultures is based on a perception of objects in space, rather than of space itself. Westerners perceive shapes and dimensions, in which space is a realm of light, color, sight, and touch. Benjamin L. Whorf, in his classic work Language, Thought and Reality, offers the following explanation as one reason why Westerners perceive space in this manner. Western thought and language mainly developed from the Roman, Latin-speaking, culture, which was a practical, experience-based system. Western culture has generally followed Roman thought patterns in viewing objective "reality" as the foundation for subjective or "inner" experience. It was only when the intellectually crude Roman culture became influenced by the abstract thinking of the Greek culture that the Latin language developed a significant vocabulary of abstract, nonspatial terms. But the early Roman-Latin element of spatial consciousness, of concreteness, has been maintained in Western thought and language patterns, even though the Greek capacity for abstract thinking and expression was also inherited.

However, some cultural-linguistic systems developed in the opposite direction, that is, from an abstract and subjective vocabulary to a more concrete one. For example, Whorf tells us that in the Hopi language the word heart, a concrete term, can be shown to be a late formation from the abstract terms think or remember. Similarly, although it seems to Westerners, and especially to Americans, that objective, tangible "reality" must precede any subjective or inner experience; in fact, many Asian and other non-European cultures view inner experience as the basis for one's perceptions of physical reality. Thus although Americans are taught to perceive and react to the arrangement of objects in space and to think of space as being "wasted" unless it is filled with objects, the Japanese are trained to give meaning to space itself and to value "empty" space.

It is not only the East and the West that are different in their patterning of space. We can also see cross-cultural varieties in spatial perception when we look at arrangements of urban space in different Western cultures. For instance, in the United States, cities are usually laid out along a grid, with the axes generally north/south and east/west. Streets and buildings are numbered sequentially. This arrangement, of course, makes perfect sense to Americans. When Americans walk in a city like Paris, which is laid out with the main streets radiating from centers, they often get lost. Furthermore, streets in Paris are named, not numbered, and the names often change after a few blocks. It is amazing to Americans how anyone gets around, yet Parisians seem to do well. Edward Hall, in The Silent Language, suggests that the layout of space characteristic of French cities is only one aspect of the theme of centralization that characterizes French culture. Thus Paris is the center of France, French government and educational systems are highly centralized, and in French offices the most important person has his or her desk in the middle of the office.

Another aspect of the cultural patterning of space concerns the functions of spaces. In middle class America, specific spaces are designated for specific activities. Any intrusion of one activity into a space that it was not designed for is immediately felt as inappropriate. In contrast, in Japan, this case is not true: Walls are movable, and rooms are used for one purpose during the day and another purpose in the evening and at night. In India there is yet another culturally patterned use of space. The function of space in India, both in public and in private places, is connected with concepts of superiority and inferiority. In Indian cities, villages, and even within the home, certain spaces are designated as polluted, or inferior, because of

A.Y

B.N

C.NG

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第4题
Taste Taste is such a subjective matter that we don't usually conduct preference test

Taste

Taste is such a subjective matter that we don't usually conduct preference tests for fooD.The most you can say about anyone's preference is that it's one person's opinion. But because the two big cola (可乐饮料) companies--Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively, we've wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty. We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either Coca-Cola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind tasting.

We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either Coca-Cola Classic (传统型) or Pepsi, Diet (低糖的) Coke, or Diet Pepsi. These were people who thought they would have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand.

We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers. Then we fed them four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other. We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi~ then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants' 'choices with what mere guess-work could have accomplished.Getting all four samples right was a rough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recognize their brand, In the end, only 7 of 19 regular cola drinkers correctly identified their brand of choice in all four trials. The diet-cola drinkers did a little worse only 7 of 27 identified all four samples correctly.

While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. Two people got all four samples wrong. Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burnout, was not a factor. Our preference test results suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price.

第 36 题 According to the passage the preference .test was conducted in order to ________

A.find out the role taste preference plays in a person's drinking

B.reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkers

C.show that a person's opinion about taste is mere guess-work

D.compare the ability of the participants in choosing their drinks

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第5题
According to the author, it is always advisable to______.A.have opinions which cannot be r

According to the author, it is always advisable to______.

A.have opinions which cannot be refuted by either side in an argument

B.adopt the point of view to which he feels the most inclination

C.be acquainted with the arguments favoring the point of view with which he disagrees

D.suspect heterodox thought presented by opponents

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第6题
Myths and legends of the supernatural shroud the early history of writing,as they do of sp

Myths and legends of the supernatural shroud the early history of writing,

as they do of speech. Archaeological discoveries provide charming pinholes of

illumination along with frustrated problems of interpretation. An account of the 【S1】______.

early history of writing has gradually emerged, but it keeps many gaps and 【S2】______.

ambiguities.

The matter is complicated by the fact that, in this early period, it is by

no means easy to decide whether a piece of graphic expression should be

counted as an artistic imagination or as a symbol of primitive writing. In 【S3】______.

principle, the difference is clear: the first conveys personal and subjective 【S4】______.

meanings, and does not combine into a system of recurring symbols with

accepted values; by contrast, the latter is conventional and institutionalized,

capable of been understood in the same way by all who are using the system. 【S5】______.

When the product is a rock carving or painting of an animal, there is a little 【S6】______.

doubt that its purpose is nonlinguistic (thought whether it has an aesthetic,

religious, or other function is debatable). However, when the product is a

series of apparent geometrical shapes or tiny characters, the distinction

between art and writing becomes more obvious. The language may even reflect 【S7】______.

the problem: in early Greek, and in Egyptian, the same word was used for

both "write" and "draw". One point, at least, is fairly clear. It now seems

most likely that writing system revolved independently of each other at 【S8】______.

different times in several parts of the world -- in Mesopotamia, China, Meso-

America, and elsewhere. There is anything to support a theory of common 【S9】______.

origin. There are of course similarities between these systems, but these are

not altogether surprising, giving the limited ways of devising a system of 【S10】______.

written communication.

【S1】

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第7题
The two countries leaders did not visit each other for five years becauseA.Sino-Japanese r

The two countries leaders did not visit each other for five years because

A.Sino-Japanese relations were not important to the Chinese.

B.Junichiro Koizumi frequently paid visit to the Yasukuni Shrine.

C.Chinese people thought Japan always tried to glorify militarism.

D.the former Japanese Prime Minister Mr. Koizumi stepped down.

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第8题
Taste is such a subjective matter that we don' t usually conduct preference tests for food
. The most you can say about anyone' s preference, is that it' s one person' s opinion. But because the two big cola(可乐饮料)companies--Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively, we're wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty. We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either Coca-Cola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind tasting.

We invited staff volunteers who has a strong liking for higher Coca-Cola Classic(传统型)or Pepsi, Diet(低糖的)Coke, or Diet Pepsi. There were people who thought they'd have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand.

We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers. Then we set them four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other. We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participant' s choices with what mere guess-work could have accomplished.

Getting all four samples right was a rough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recognize their brand. In the end, only 7 out of 19 regular cola drinkers correctly identified their brand of choice in all four trials. The diet-cola drinkers did a little worse--only 7 of 27 identified all four samples correctly.

While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. Two people got all four samples wrong. Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burnout, was not a factor. Our preferences test results suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price.

According to the passage the preference test was conducted in order to ______.

A.find out the role taste preference plays in a person's drinking

B.reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkers

C.show that a person' t opinion about taste is mere guess-work

D.compare the ability of the participants in choosing their drinks

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