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The result of automation may well be an increase in
employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow
up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation
equipment. The interest of labor lies in bringing about the transition
with a minimum of convenience and distress to the workers 【S1】______.
involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of
the increased production and lower costs made possible by
automation should be shared by workers in the form. of higher
wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.
To protect the interests of its members in the era of 【S2】______.
automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One
of these is the promotion of supplementary employment benefit 【S3】______.
plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved with such 【S4】______.
a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment,
he would have a strong drive for planning new installments so as to 【S5】______.
cause the less possible problems in jobs and job assignment. Such 【S6】______.
unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, required that 【S7】______.
permanently dismissed workers are paid a sum of money based 【S8】______.
on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the
"improvement factor", that calls for wage increases based 【S9】______.
on increases in productivity. It is possible, however, that labor
will rely mainly on reduction in working hour in order to gain 【S10】______.
a full share in the fruits of automation.
【S1】
Rockforte Finance Ltd.
We are currently accepting applications for the position of chief financial analyst for the office of the managing director at our main office in Gisborne. Candidates must have at least five years of experience in budget planning and financial reporting and they should be familiar with standard office software packages. The position entails frequent travel to our regional office in Bolton.
Candidates with a degree in finance will hold a significant advantage.
We offer generous compensation and benefits. New employees receive three weeks of vacation and 10 paid holidays. Company cars are available to all individuals whose positions require them to travel on a regular basis. After one year of service, employees receive an increase in pay based on performance. Starting salaries are determined on the basis of education and work experience.
Application forms and position details are posted on the corporate Web site (www. rockfinance.com).
Application forms should be submitted electronically no later than April 14. Candidates who do not receive a response by the end of May are no longer under consideration. The managing director will interview short-listed candidates in Gisborne on June 10. Employment decisions will be made by June 17 and employment will begin on July 1.
What is recommended as a requirement for the position？
A．Ability to speak and write in English
B．Ability to supervise travel scheduling
C．Experience designing office software
D．Prior work managing a budget
JOBS
A person planning for a career today must look carefully at the expected occupational trends and changes in the job market. Affecting the economy are changes in the size, age, and distribution of the population, as well as developments in technology. These changes also affect employment opportunities. For example, an aging population has increased the need for medical care and other health services. Computer technology has not only eliminated or changed the nature of many jobs but also created new occupations. By analyzing the changing economy and the factors causing these changes, a person can forecast, or predict, future trends in employment.
A New Labor Force
The United States labor force--the total number of people over the age of 16 who are employed or are actively seeking work totaled 127 million in 1992. By the year 2005, the labor force is expected to reach 151 million, an increase of 19%. This increase represents a slight slowdown in the growth of the labor force compared with growth during the previous 13-year period, 1979- 1992. The slowdown is largely due to slower population growth in the United States.
The U. S. labor force will become more diverse by 2005, White non-Hispanic men will make up a slightly smaller proportion of the labor force than in 1992, while women and minority group members will make up a larger share, Between 1992 and 2005, blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and other ethnic(种族的) groups will account for roughly 35% of all people entering the work force. In addition, women will continue to join the labor force in growing numbers. In 1979, women made up 42% of the labor force. By 2005, their share is expected to be 48%.
The age make-up of the U. S. population will change from 1992 to 2005. There will be a smaller proportion of children and teenagers and a larger proportion of middle-aged and older people. The decline in the proportion of Children and teenagers reflects the lower birth rates of the 1980s and 1990s. The large increase in the middle-aged population reflects the aging of the baby boom generation--people born between 1946 and 1964. The rapid growth of the older population reflects both the high birth rates before the 1930s and improvements in medical technology that are allowing Americans to live longer.
The changing age make-up of the U. S. population will directly affect tomorrow's work force, Young people age 16 to 24 are expected to make up roughly the same percentage of the labor force in 2005 as they did in 1992. However, the percentage of workers age 25 to 34 will decline dramatically, from 28% to 21%. The baby boom generation will continue to add members to the work force, but their' share will decline slightly. The most striking change will be a large increase in the percentage of workers between the ages of 45 and 54. These workers will account for 24% of the labor force in 2005, up from 18% in 1992. Workers in this age group usually have more employment experience than younger workers. Thus, employers will be able to choose from a larger pool of experienced applicants, people seeking jobs, in coming years.
Education: A Prerequisite(先决条件) for Employment
The education level of the labor force has risen dramatically in recent years. In 1980, for example, 19% of all workers age 25 and older had completed four years of college. In 1992, 27% had a bachelor's degree or higher. The trend toward higher educational achievement is expected to continue.
From 1992 to 2005, employment growth will be faster for occupations requiring higher levels of education or training than for those requiring less. Managerial, professional, and technical positions will make up an increasing proportion of new jobs that become available. Many of the occupations projected for grow most rapidly are those with higher earnings.
Office and factory automation, changes in consumer demand,
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
JOBS
A person planning for a career today must look carefully at the expected occupational trends and changes in the job market. Affecting the economy are changes in the size, age, and distribution of the population, as well as developments in technology. These changes also affect employment opportunities. For example, an aging population has increased the need for medical care and other health services. Computer technology has not only eliminated or changed the nature of many jobs but also created new occupations. By analyzing the changing economy and the factors causing these changes, a person can forecast, or predict, future trends in employment.
A New Labor Force
The United States labor force—the total number of people over the age of 16 who are employed or are actively seeking work totaled 127 million in 1992. By the year 2005, the labor force is expected to reach 151 million, an increase of 19%. This increase represents a slight slowdown in the growth of the labor force compared with growth during the previous 13-year period, 1979-1992. The slowdown is largely due to slower population growth in the United States.
The U.S. labor force will become more diverse by 2005. White non-Hispanic men will make up a slightly smaller proportion of the labor force than in 1992, while women and minority group members will make up a larger share. Between 1992 and 2005, blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and other ethnic(种族的) groups will account for roughly 35% of all people entering the work force, In addition, women will continue to join the labor force in growing numbers. In 1979, women made up 420% of the labor force. By 2005, their share is expected to be 48%.
The age make-up of the U.S. population will change from 1992 to 2005. There will be a smaller proportion of children and teenagers and a larger proportion of middle-aged and older people. The decline in the proportion of children and teenagers reflects the lower birth rates of the 1980s and 1990s. The large increase in the middle-aged population reflects the aging of the baby boom generation—people born between 1946 and 1964.The rapid growth of the older population reflects both the high birth rates before the 1930s and improvements in medical technology that are allowing Americans to live longer.
The changing age make-up of the U.S. population will directly affect tomorrow's work force. Young people age 16 to 24 are expected to make up roughly the same percentage of the labor force in 2005 as they did in 1992. However, the percentage of workers age 25 to 34 will decline dramatically, from 28% to 21%. The baby boom generation will continue to add members to the work force, but their share will decline slightly. The most striking change will be a large increase in the percentage of workers between the ages of 45 and 54. These workers will account for 24% of the labor force in 2005, up from 18% in 1992. Workers in this age group usually have more employment experience than younger workers. Thus, employers will be able to choose from a larger pool of experienced applicants, people seeking jobs, in coming years.
Education: A Prerequisite(先决条件) for Employment
The education level of the labor force has risen dramatically in recent years. In 1980, for example, 19% of all workers age 25 and older had completed four years of college. In 1992, 27% had a bachelor's degree or higher. The trend toward higher educational achievement is expected to continue.
From 1992 to 2005, employment growth will be faster for occupations requiring higher levels of education or training than for those requiring less. Managerial, professional, and technical positions will make up an increasing proportion of new jobs that become available. Many of the occupations projected for grow most rapidly are those with higher earnings.
Office and factory automation, changes in consumer demand, and the
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
听力原文： Do you know how to advertise for a hank？ If you ask people about the functions of a bank, they would probably say that the bank is where you can deposit money and cash a check. But it's much more than these. And we have to tell people this in our advertisement.
There are several things to think about for a bank advertisement. The first problem is to decide who should be our audience. Should our advertisement be aimed at adults with full employment only？ Or should it also appeal to students, housewives, retired workers, or even children？ It is a good idea to address the largest possible audience. If we introduce the name of our bank to children they will never forget it.
The next question is how to attract people of different social groups to our bank. The usual tip is to offer free gifts, for example, portable radios or T-shirts for the young and gold pens for business executives. That always works. But what do we give to our best customers？ That's another question. What about leather diaries, for example？
Banks are very competitive. We have to think of something new to offer our customers. That's the third problem. Ours is one of the first banks to have drive-in service and to open on Saturdays, but now many banks do. Most banks also offer a variety of checking and saving accounts and a full range of investment plans to suit the needs of their customers, as well as the 24-hour ATM banking which makes it much faster and easier for customers to withdraw cash or do other things. To attract more customers to our bank, it is essential that we have something that no other bank offers.
(30)
A．Business executives, housewives and college students.
B．Parents planning for their children's education.
C．Adults with or without full employment, students, housewives, and retired people.
D．Best customers only.
The population is growing more quickly in some parts of the world than others. The continents with the fastest growth rates are Latin America and Africa. Asia comes third but because its present population is so large it is there that by far the greatest number of people will be added before the end of the century.
The main reason for the population explosion is not so much a rise in birth rates as a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in public health services and medical care.
The sudden increase in the population of the developing countries has come at a difficult time. Even if their population had not grown so fast they would have been facing a desperate struggle to bring the standard of living of their people to the point at which there was enough food, housing, education, medical care and employment for everyone to have a reasonable life.
The most pressing problem created by the rapid increase in population is a shortage of food. Over the past two years the total amount of food has decreased, and of course the total amount of food per person has decreased even more sharply.
As more and more babies born in developing countries have been surviving infancy, there is a shortage of schools and teachers, hospitals and doctors. Farming land is becoming scarce, and there are too few jobs and unemployment leads to further poverty.
This talk covers each of the following topics EXCEPT ______
A．a comparison of growth rates by continent
B．family planning education
C．problems resulting from the population explosion
D．causes of the population explosion
A job description should give details of the performance that is 【C3】______ for a specific job, and a job specification should give information about the behavior. knowledge and skills that are expected 【C4】______ an employee who works in it. When all of this has been 【C5】______ , it is possible to make a training specification. This specifies what the Training Department must teach for the successful performance of the job, and also the best methods to use in training period.
There are many different training methods, and there are advantages and disadvantages 【C6】______ all of them. Successful training programs depend on an understanding of the difference between learning about skills and training in using them. It is frequently said that learning about skills takes place "off the job", in the classroom; but training in using those skills takes place "on the job", by 【C7】______ of such activities as job rotation and planned experience.
It is always difficult to evaluate the costs and savings of a training program. The success of such a program depends not only on the methods used but also on the 【C8】______ of the staff who do the training. A company can often check on savings in time and cost by examining the manual work performed by operators and technicians who 【C9】______ a training program. The evaluation of management and supervisory staff who leave their employment and the number who 【C10】______ from work for reasons of health.
【C1】______
A．defined
B．refined
C．confined
D．fined
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
听力原文： Do you know how to advertise for a bank？ If you ask people about the functions of a bank, they would probably say that the bank is where you can deposit money and cash a check. But it's much more than these. And we have to tell people this in our advertisement.
There are several things to think about for a bank advertisement. (26)The first problem is to decide who should be our audience. Should our advertisement be aimed at adults with full employment only？ Or should it also appeal to students, housewives, retired workers, or even children？ It is a good idea to address the largest possible audience. If we introduce the name of our bank to children they will never forget it.
The next question is how to attract people of different social groups to our bank. The usual tip is to offer free gifts, for example, portable radios or T-shirts for the young and gold pens for business executives. That always works. But what do we give to our best customers？ That's another question. What about leather diaries, for example？
Banks are very competitive. We have to think of something new to offer our customers. That's the third problem. Ours is one of the first banks to have drive-in service and to open on Saturdays, but now many banks do. Most banks also offer a variety of checking and saving accounts and a full range of investment plans to suit the needs of their customers, as well as the 24-hour ATM banking which makes it much faster and easier for customers to withdraw cash or do other things. (27)To attract more customers to our bank, it is essential that we have something that no other bank offers.
(27)
A．Business executives, housewives and college students.
B．Parents planning for their children's education.
C．Adults with or without full employment, students, housewives, and retired people.
D．Best customers only.
？Read the article below about job outlook of financial managers.
？Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.
？For each gap 9-14, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.
？Do not use any letter more than once.
Job Outlook of Financial Managers
Employment of financial managers is expected to grow about as fast as the average for all occupations through 2012. Growth is expected to be steady and will increase in line with the growth of the economy as a whole. However, jobseekers are likely to face keen competition for jobs, as the number of job openings is expected to be less than the number of applicants Candidates with expertise in accounting and finance, particularly those with a master's degree, should enjoy the best job prospects. Strong computer skills and knowledge of international finance are important; so are excellent communication skills, because financial management jobs involve working on strategic planning teams.
(9) Over the short term, employment in this occupation is negatively impacted by economic downturns, during which companies are more likely to close departments, or even go out of business- decreasing the need for financial managers. Mergers, acquisitions, and corporate downsizing also are likely to adversely affect employment of financial managers. (10)
The banking industry, which employs more than I out of 10 financial managers, will continue to consolidate, although at a slower rate than in previous years. In spite of this trend, employment of bank branch managers is expected to increase as banks begin to refocus on the importance of their existing branches and as new branches are created to service a growing population. As banks expand the range of products and services they offer to include insurance and investment products, branch managers with knowledge in these areas will be needed. (11)
Despite the current downturn in the securities and commodities industry, the long-run prospects for financial managers in that industry should be favorable, as more will be needed to handle increasingly complex financial transactions and manage a growing amount of investments. (12) Risk managers, who assess risks for insurance and investment purposes, also will be in demand.
Some companies may hire financial managers on a temporary basis, to see the organization through a short-term crisis or to offer suggestions for boosting profits. Other companies may contract out all accounting and financial operations. (13)
Computer technology has reduced the time and staff required to produce financial reports. (14) Financial managers who are familiar with computer software that can assist them in this role will be needed.
A Financial managers also will be needed to handle mergers and acquisitions, raise capital, and assess global financial transactions.
B In fact, jobseekers who are experienced in this field will have a good prospect.
C However, jobseekers are likely to face keen competition for jobs, as the number of job openings is expected to be less than the number of applicants.
D As the economy expands, job growth for financial managers will stem from both the expansion of established companies and from the creation of new businesses.
E However, the growing need for financial expertise as the economy expands will ensure job growth over the next decade.
F As a result, forecasting earnings, profits, and costs, and generating ideas and creative ways to increase profitability will become a major role of corporate financial managers over the next decade.
G As a result, candidates who are licensed to sell insurance or securi
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