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提问人：网友jjxwhb 发布时间：2022-01-07
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Human Heart Can Make New CeilsSolving a longstanding （为时甚久的) mystery, scientists have

Human Heart Can Make New Ceils

Solving a longstanding (为时甚久的) mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac (心脏的) cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age.

The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack, experts say.

"We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes (心肌细胞), are renewed," said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. "It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with or if they could be renewed," he said.

The process of renewing these cells changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20-year-old, about 1 percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover (更替) rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75.

"If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated, it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals (药物) that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after, for example, a heart attack," Frisen said.

That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts.

"A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure," noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. "Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said.

With this finding, scientists are "opening the door to potential therapies (疗法) to having ourselves heal ourselves," Bhardwaj said. "Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing. "

But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts -- whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.

The human heart stops producing cardiac cells

A．when a person becomes old.

B．as soon as a person gets sick.

C．immediately after a person is born.

D．once a person dies.

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更多“Human Heart Can Make New CeilsSolving a longstanding （为时甚久的) mystery, scientists have”相关的问题
第1题
Human cloning （克隆) technology could be used to reverse heart attacks. Scientists believe

Human cloning (克隆) technology could be used to reverse heart attacks. Scientists believe that they may be able to treat heart attack victims by cloning their healthy heart cells and injecting them into the areas of the heart that have been damaged, and other problems may be solved if human cloning and its technology are not forbidden.

With cloning, infertile couples could have children. Current treatments for infertility, in terms of percentages (百分比) , are not very successful. Couples go through physically and emotionally painful procedures for a small chance of having children. Many couples run out of time and money without successfully having children. Human cloning could make it possible for many more infertile couples to have children than ever before. We should be able to clone the bone marrow (骨髓) for children and adults suffering from leukemia (白血病). It is expected to be one of the first benefits to come from cloning technology.

We may learn how to switch cells on and off through cloning and thus be able to cure cancer. Cloning technology can be used to test for and perhaps cure gene-related diseases. The above are just a few examples of what human cloning technology can do for mankind.

This new technology promises unprecedented advancement in medicine if people will release their fears and let the benefits begin.

Heart attacks can be treated with human cloning technology by______.

A．removing the damaged part of the heart

B．replacing the old heart with a cloned one

C．repairing the heart with cells cloned from healthy ones

D．giving the patients injections of various medicines

点击查看答案
第2题
Human Heart Can Make New CeilsSolving a longstanding （为时甚久的) mystery, scientists have

Human Heart Can Make New Ceils

Solving a longstanding (为时甚久的) mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac (心脏的) cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age.

The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack, experts say.

"We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes (心肌细胞), are renewed," said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. "It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with or if they could be renewed," he said.

The process of renewing these cells changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20-year-old, about 1 percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover (更替) rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75.

"If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated, it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals (药物) that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after, for example, a heart attack," Frisen said.

That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts.

"A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure," noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. "Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said.

With this finding, scientists are "opening the door to potential therapies (疗法) to having ourselves heal ourselves," Bhardwaj said. "Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing. "

But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts -- whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.

The human heart stops producing cardiac cells

A．when a person becomes old.

B．as soon as a person gets sick.

C．immediately after a person is born.

D．once a person dies.

点击查看答案
第3题
Human Heart Can Make New CeilsSolving a longstanding （为时甚久的) mystery, scientists have

Human Heart Can Make New Ceils

Solving a longstanding (为时甚久的) mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac (心脏的) cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age.

The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack, experts say.

"We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes (心肌细胞), are renewed," said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. "It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with or if they could be renewed," he said.

The process of renewing these cells changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20-year-old, about 1 percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover (更替) rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75.

"If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated, it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals (药物) that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after, for example, a heart attack," Frisen said.

That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts.

"A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure," noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. "Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said.

With this finding, scientists are "opening the door to potential therapies (疗法) to having ourselves heal ourselves," Bhardwaj said. "Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing. "

But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts -- whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.

The human heart stops producing cardiac cells

A．when a person becomes old.

B．as soon as a person gets sick.

C．immediately after a person is born.

D．once a person dies.

点击查看答案
第4题
Task 2Directions: This task is the same as Task 1.The 5 questions or unfinished statements

Task 2

Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.

Human cloning(克隆) technology could be used to reverse heart attacks. Scientists believe that they may be able to treat heart attack victims by cloning their healthy heart cells and injecting them into the areas of the heart that have been damaged, and other problems may be solved if human cloning and its technology are not forbidden.

--With cloning, infertile couples could have children. Current treatments for infertility, in terms of percentage (百分比), are not very successful. Couples go through physically and emotionally painful procedures for a small chance of having children. Many couples run out of time and money without successfully having children. Human cloning could make it possible for many more infertile couples to have children than ever before.

--We should be able to clone the bone marrow(骨髓) for children and adults suffering from leukemia (白血病), This is expected to be one of the first benefits to come from cloning technology.

--We may learn how to switch cells on and off through cloning and thus be able to cure cancer.

--Cloning technology can be used to test for and perhaps cure gene-related diseases.

The above is just a few examples of what human cloning technology can do for mankind. This new technology promises unprecedented advancement in medicine if people will release their fears and let the benefits begin.

Heart attacks can be treated with human cloning technology by ______.

A．moving the damaged part of the heart

B．replacing the old heart with a cloned one

C．repairing the heart with cells cloned from healthy ones

D．giving the patients injections of various medicines

点击查看答案
第5题
For all the fevered work being done,however,science is still far away from the Brave New W
orld vision of engineering a perfect human or even a perfect tomato. Much more research is needed before gone therapy becomes commonplace and many diseases will take decades to conquer,If theycan be conquered at all.

In the short run,the most practical way to use the new technology will be in genetic screening. Doctors will be able to detect all sorts of flaws in DNA long before they ban be fixed. In some cases the knowledge may lead to treatments that delay the onset of trie disease or soften its effects. Someone with a genetic predisposition to heart disease,for example,could follow a low-fat diet. And if scientists determine that a vital protein is missing because the gone that was supposed to make it is defective,they might be able to give the patient an artificial version of the protein; But in other instances, almost nothing can be d one to stop the ravages brought on by genetic mutations.

点击查看答案
第6题
The difference between heart robot and ic Hexapod is that______.A．ic Hexapod can recognize

The difference between heart robot and ic Hexapod is that______.

A．ic Hexapod can recognize human expressions

B．ic Hexapod can react to human behavior

C．ic Hexapod can take photos

D．ic Hexapod can mimic human behavior

点击查看答案
第7题
Why do we laugh？ For years scientists have asked themselves this question. No other animal
s laugh and smile, only human beings. So does laughter help us to survive in any way？ The answer seems to be that smiling and laughter help us to relax, reducing tension and preventing illnesses which are caused by stress. Laughter really is the best medicine!

But if you're unhappy, it can't do you any good to smile, can it？ Not true. Apparently, the positive effects of smiling are just the same whether you feel like smiling or not. Scientists in California asked a group of actors to act five different feelings; happiness, sadness, anger, surprise and fear—just using their faces. Changes in their heart rate, blood pressure and temperature were written down. Most of the feelings they acted didn't cause changes, but when the actors smiled, their heart rate and their blood pressure went down. This happened to make them feel better.

A sense of humor also helps to keep things in perspective. Interfering friends or a flat tire won't seem quite so bad if you can see the funny side. So if you find yourself in a stressful situation, try to imagine how it must seem to an outsider with a sense of humor and let yourself laugh. A psychologist writes, " If people try to show a positive reaction instead of a negative one, this will eventually become part of their personality. If you start to laugh, in time you will actually become happier.

How do people differ from other animals？

点击查看答案
第8题
Shyness is a nearly universal human trait. Almost everyone has bouts of it, and half of th
ose surveyed describe themselves as shy. Perhaps because it's so widespread, and because it suggests vulnerability, shyness is often an endearing trait: Princess Diana, for example, won millions of admirers with her "Shy Di" manner. The human species might not even exist if not for an instinctive wariness of other creatures. In fact, the ability to sense a threat and a desire to flee are lodged in the most primitive regions of the brain.

But at some life juncture, roughly 1 our of every 8 people becomes so timid that encounters with others turn into a source of overwhelming dread. The heart races, palms sweat, mouth grows dry, words vanish; thoughts become cluttered, and an urge to escape takes over. This is the face of social phobia (also known as "social anxiety disorder"), the third most common mental disorder in the United States, behind depression and alcoholism. Some social phobics can hardly utter a sentence without obsession over the impression they are making. Others refuse to use public restrooms or talk on the telephone. Sometimes they go mute in front of the boss or a member of the opposite sex. At the extreme, they built a hermitic life, avoiding contact with others.

Though social anxiety's symptoms have been noted since the time of Hippocrates, the disorder was a nameless affliction until the late 1960s and didn't make its way into psychiatry manuals until 1980. As it became better known, patients previously thought to suffer panic disorder were recognized as being anxious only in social settings. A decade ago, 40 percent of people said they were shy, but in today's "nation of strangers" --in which computers and ATMs make face-to-face relations less and less common--that number is nearing 50 percent. Some psychologists are convinced that the Internet culture, often favored by those who fear human interaction, greases the slope from shyness to social anxiety. If people were slightly shy to begin with, they can now interact less and less, and that will make the shyness much worse.

According to Paragraph 1, shyness is ______.

A．against human nature

B．completely an endearing trait

C．so widespread that a problem may arise

D．essential to the survival of the human species

点击查看答案
第9题
Why do the American doctors think of using laser light to treat heart disease？A．B

Why do the American doctors think of using laser light to treat heart disease？

A．Beeause laser light is quite powerful．

B．Because laser light is penetrating．

C．Because laser light can destroy the blocking materials in human’s artery．

D．Because laser light can travel through the human body．

点击查看答案
第10题
Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that w
e can even bear it. There are no longer problems of the spirit. There is only the question: when will I be blown up？ Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and sweat.

He must learn them again. He must teach himself that the basest of all things is to be afraid; and, teaching himself that, forget it forever, leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old verities and truths of the heart, the old universal truths lacking which any story is ephemeral and doomed, love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice. Until he does so he labors under a curse. He writes not of love but of lust, of defeat in which nobody loses anything of value, of victories without hope and worst of all without pity, or compassion. He writes not of the heart but of the glands.

Until he relearns these things he will write as though he stood among and watched the end of man. I decline to accept the end of man. It is easy enough to say that man is immortal simply because he will endure; that when the last ding-dong of doom has changed and faded from the last worthless rock hanging tideless in the last red and dying evening, that even then there will still be one more sound: that of his puny inexhaustible voice, still talking. I refuse to accept this. I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance. The poet's, the writer's duty is to write about these things. It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past. The poet's voice need not merely be the record of man, it can be one of the props, the pillars to help him endure and prevail.

点击查看答案
第11题
Whatever our differences as human beings are, we all think we're more like the rest of the
animal world than we realize. It is said that we share 40 percent of our genetic (遗传的) structure with the simple worm.

But that fact has helped Sir John Sulston win the 2002 Nobel Prize for Medicine. Sir John is the founder of the Sanger Institute in Cambridge, which was set up in 1992 to get further understanding of the human genome (染色体组).

To help them do this, they turned to the worm. The nematode (线虫类的) worm is one of the earliest creatures on planet earth. It is less than one millimeter long, completely transparent and spends its entire life digging holes through sand. But it still has lots to say about human life, and

what can be done to make it better.

What the worm told Sir John and his colleagues was that each of cells in the human body is programmed like a computer. They grow, develop and die according to a set of instructions that are coded in our genetic make-up.

Many of the diseases that humans suffer from happen when these instructions go wrong or are not obeyed. When the cell refuses to die but carries on growing instead, this leads to cancer. Heart attacks and diseases hke AIDS cause more cell deaths than normal, increasing the damage they do to the body. Sir John was the first scientist to prove the existence of programmed cell death.

Sir John Sulston got a Nobel Prize for Medicine because he has ______.

A．found that human beings are similar to the worm

B．got the fact we share 40 percent of our genetic structure with the simple worm

C．found the computer which controls each of the cells in the human body

D．proved that cell death is programmed

点击查看答案
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