题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
The word "counterproductive"(Paragraph 4) probably means
A．producing challenges.
B．producing counters.
C．producing results.
D．producing problems.
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【其它】The establishment of the Third Reich influenced events in American history by starting a chain of events which culminated in war between Germany and the United States. The compete destruction of democracy, the persecution of Jews, the war on religion, the cruelty and barbarism of the Nazis, and especially the plans of Germany and her allies, Italy and Japan, for world conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought on fear of another world war. While speaking out against Hitler's atrocities, the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality. The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them. In 1937 the President was empowered to declare an arms embargo in wars between nations at his discretion. American opinion began to change somewhat after President Roosevelt's "quarantine the aggressor" speech at Chicago (1937) in which he severely criticized Hitler's policies. Germany’s seizure of Austria and the Munich Pact for the partition of Czechoslovakia (1938) also aroused the American people. The conquest of Czechoslovakia in March, 1939 was another rude awakening to the menace of the Third Reich. In August,1939 came the shock of the Nazi-soviet Pact and in September the attack on Poland and the outbreak of European war. The United States attempted to maintain neutrality in spite of sympathy for the democracies arrayed against the Third Reich. The Neutrality Act of 1939 repealed the arms embargo and permitted"cash and carry"exports of arms to belligerent nations. A strong national defense program was begun. A draft act was passed (1940) to strengthen the military services. A Lend Act (1941) authorized the President to sell, exchange, or lend materials to any country deemed necessary by him for the defense of the United States. Help was given to Britain by exchanging certain overage destroyers for the right to establish American bases in British territory in the Western Hemisphere. In August, 1940 President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Charter which proclaimed the kind of a world which should be established after the war. In December, 1941, Japan launched the unprovoked attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor. Immediately thereafter, Germany declared war on the United States. 1. One item occurring before 1937 that the author does not mention in his list of actions that alienated the American public was [A] the burning of the Reichstag. [B] German plans for conquest. [C] Nazi barbarism. [D] the persecution of religious groups. 2. The Lend-Lease Act was designed to [A] help the British. [B] strengthen the national defense of the United States. [C] promote the Atlantic Charter. [D] avenge Pearl Harbor. 3. American Policy during the years 1935-1936 may be described as being [A] watchful. [B] isolationist. [C] peaceful. [D] indifferent. 4. The Neutrality Act of 1939 [A] permitted the selling of arms to belligerent nations. [B] antagonized Japan. [C] permitted the British to trade only with the Allies. [D] led to Lend-Lease Act. 5. We entered the war against Germany [A] because Germany declared war. [B] because Japan was an ally of Germany. [C] after Germany had signed the Nazi-soviet Pact. [D] after peaceful efforts had failed. 每题20分
A．Phonetics
B．Phonology
C．Phoneme
D．Phonetic typology
| 阅读理解 |
| Tongue clicking is an important part of language for some southern African groups. And it could help disabled people control their wheelchairs. The key is a device that is put in the ears and listens for tongue clicks and then translates the sounds into commands for a wheelchair. Mouth interfaces (接口)that interact with wheelchairs are already common for seriously disabled people. One device that fits within the roof of the mouth houses buttons that can be pressed with the tongue. "But everything that involves tongue movement requires putting something in the mouth," says Ravi, from the University of Bristol, UK. Besides issues of hygiene (卫生),these devices make it difficult for the user to eat or speak, if they are able to ,while using it. Monitoring tongue movements through the ear avoids these problems. The new device, a simple microphone that looks like an earphone for listening to music, picks up certain sounds made by four sorts of tongue clicks. The microphone sends the information to a signal processor which sorts out the clicks and passes the information to the wheelchair, where each click type moves the chair in a distinct direction. Ravi's group has used the interface to control a virtual wheelchair. They have also used it to control the reaching and grasping movements of a robotic arm. The four tongue clicks can be mastered in a couple of hours, say the researchers. "This is a promising technique," says Jose del R. Millan, who has been working on brain interfaces for controlling wheelchairs at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne. If it can be combined with real wheelchairs and shown to work reliably it could be very valuable for patients, he says. The researchers plan to start using real wheelchairs, but in the meantime they are looking at whether the number of commands can be increased by using a microphone in each ear, to get clearer signals to the wheelchairs. "Even if four clicks prove to be the limit, it only takes 0.2 second to detect each sound, so it's possible to spread high-level commands through combinations of clicking sounds," the researchers say. |
| 1. What plays the most important role in controlling the wheelchair by tongue clicking？ |
| A. The tongue. B. The device. C. The wheelchair. D. the brain. |
| 2. What problem will be caused if mouth interfaces are used to monitor the wheelchair？ |
| A. It is very difficult to operate the device. B. The device is dirty and leads to disease. C. The device makes it difficult for people to eat or speak. D. People are disturbed by the device when listening. |
| 3. What do we know about the new device according to the passage？ |
| A. It is actually an earphone used to listen to music. B. It hasn't been put into practice to control wheelchairs. C. It can pick up all sounds made by tongue clicks. D. It can give orders where the wheelchair should go . |
| 4. What problem are Ravi and his groups trying to solve now？ |
| A. That the device can't detect more commands. B. That it needs a long time to detect each sound. C. That it can only combine some easy tongue clicks. D. That it takes a long time for the disabled to learn tongue clicks. |
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