自然率假说（Natural Rate Hypothesis)

A、水体污染物超标指数、水体污染物年排放量、废水达标排放率 Water pollutant over standard index, annual discharge of water pollutants, the discharge rate of wastewater appropriate to standard

B、能源消耗量、COD年排放量、水体净化率 Energy consumption, annual COD discharge, water purification rate

C、水资源供应量、水资源消耗量、水资源利用效率 Water supply, water consumption, water resource utilization efficiency

D、流域面积、水体污染物年排放量、水自然蒸发量 Basin area, annual discharge of water pollutants, water natural evaporation

一个经济，其失业处于自然率水平，工会预期下一年的通货膨胀率为5％。并且他们有能力使下一年名义工资增加5％，如果下一年的实际的通货膨胀率为5％，实际工资、就业和产量会有什么变化 如果实际通货膨胀率低于或高于5％，情况又会如何 Consider an economy in which unemployment is at its natural rate，unions expect next year’s inflation rate to be 5 percent．and they are able to obtain a 5 percent nominal wage increase for next year．What happens to real wages，employment，and output if actual inflation next year is 5 percent What if it is lower or higher than 5 percent

自然失业率(natural rate of unemployment)

什么因素决定自然失业率？

What determines the natural rate of unemployment？

A.

B.

C.

D.

假设国会通过了使企业更难解雇工人的立法(一个例子是法律要求企业向被解雇的工人支付离职金)。如果这项法律不影响就业率而降低了离职率，自然失业率会如何变动？你认为这项立法不影响就业率有道理吗？为什么有或为什么没有？

Suppose that Congress passes legislation making it more difficult for firms to fire workers. (An example is a law requiring severance pay for fired workers.) If this legislation reduces the rate of job separation without affecting the rate of job finding, how would the natural rate of unemployment change？ Do you think that it is plausible that the legislation would not affect the rate of job finding？ Why or why not？

解释衰退会提高自然失业率的两种方式。

Explain two ways in which a recession might raise the natural rate of unemployment.