题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
That big dictionary ______ Tom two hundred dollars.
A．spent
B．paid
C．cost
D．took
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更多“That big dictionary ______ Tom two hundred dollars.A．spentB．paidC．costD．took”相关的问题
In the third paragraph of Text A, the author illustrates animals’ damages to forests by large mammals such as moose and elk. If you turn to a dictionary, you will find similar definitions with the two words: moose / elk: a large type of deer with big horns called antlers which is found in Northern Europe, Asia, and North America But the truth is that moose and elk are two different animals. Work in groups to clarify the features and detailed distinctions between moose and elk. You can refer to some academic papers and try to write down a mini report on the clarification. In the report you are required to use some quotations. At the end of the report, list the sources according to the CMS style.
While searching for the origin of personal computer, Shapiro uncovered several computing claims. Stewart Brand, founder of Whole Earth Catalog, says on his Web site that he first referred to a “personal computer” in a 1976 book; and GUI pioneer Alan Kay is said to have used the term in a paper published in 1972.
But a search on JSTOR’s general science archive turned up what Shapiro says is the earliest recorded use of personal computer, in the October 4,1968, issue of Science. The issue contains a Hewlett-Packard advertisement for its new HP 9100A. “The new Hewlett-Packard 9100A personal computer,” the ad says, is “ready, willing and able …to relieve you of waiting to get on the big computer.” The $4900 device---a desktop scientific calculator equipped with magnetic cars---does not seem like much of a computer nowadays. And at 40 pounds, it was not very personal, either. But according to Shapiro, it was the first device to be called a personal computer.
1.The term “personal computer” first appeared().
A.in Byte magazine
B.in a Hewlett-Packard ad in Science
C.in a 1974 book
D.in a paper published by Alan Kay
2.What is JSTOR ？()
A.It is an online database
B.It is an academic journal
C.It is a kind of computer software
D.It is a research organization
3.Shapiro succeeded in his research for the origin of the term personal computer by().
A.looking into the Oxford Dictionary
B.digging into magazines that are more than 150 years old
C.scanning JSTOR’s general science archive on line
D.focusing on academic journal such as Science
4.With a HP9100A, according to the Hewlett-Packard ad, you().
A.can easily get on the big computer
B.do not have to get on the big computer
C.can save a lot of money
D.will be willing and ready to do scientific work
5.What do we learn from the passage about the first device that was called personal computer？()
A.It looked very different from the PC today.
B.It was small, light and easy to carry around.
C.It was as efficient as a big computer.
D.It relieved people of a great deal of tedious work.
Now, taking books, or anything else, from a little girl is like taking candy from a baby, but the father of the little girl had his way and Robert got two of her books. "After all, that leaves you with nine", said the father, who thought he was a philosopher and a child psychologist, and couldn't shut his big stupid mouth on the subject.
A few weeks later, the father went to his library to look up "father" in the Oxford English Dictionary, to feast his eyes on(饱眼福) the praise of fatherhood through the centuries, but he couldn't find volume F~G and then he discovered that three others were missing, too—A~B, L~M, V~Z. He began to search his household, and learned what had happened to the four missing volumes.
"A man came to the door this morning", said his little daughter, "and he didn't know how to get from here to Torrington, or from Torrington to Winsted, and he was a nice man, much nicer than Robert, and so I gave him four of your books. After all, there are thirteen volumes in the Oxford English Dictionary, and that leaves you with nine".
How does the writer feel about taking picture books from a little girl？
A．This sort of thing is quite common.
B．It makes no difference to a child.
C．It is nothing to be surprised at.
D．It may hurt the girl's feelings.
(76) Now, taking books, or anything else, from a little girl is like taking candy from a baby. but the father of the little girl had his way and Robert got two of her books. "After all, that leaves you with nine," said the father, who was a philosopher and a child psychologist(心理学家), and couldn't shut his big stupid mouth on the subject.
A few weeks later, the father went to his library to look up "father" in the Oxford English Dictionary, to feast his eyes on(一饱眼福) the praise of fatherhood through the centuries, but hc couldn't find volume F-G and then he discovered that three others were missing, too: A-B, L-M, V-Z. He began to search his household, and learned what had happened to the four missing volumes.
"A man came to the door this morning," said the little daughter, "and he didn't know how to get from here to Torrington, or from Torrington to Winsted, and he was a nice man, much nicer than Robert, and so I gave him four of your books. After all, there are thirteen volumes in the Oxford English Dictionary, and that leaves you with nine."
How does the writer feel about taking picture books from a little girl？
A．This sort of thing is quite common.
B．It makes no difference to a child.
C．It's nothing to be surprised at.
D．It may hurt the girl's feelings.
听力原文： The Internet can show you thousands of job openings all over the world. Use the words "job search" to find the websites you need. Type in what you want and where you want to work. In a few seconds, a list of jobs will appear on the screen. Or you can type in the name of a company to learn about jobs there．Many websites list full．time，part-time，and summer jobs．
Job search Websites can help in Other ways，too．They show how to write a good letter to introduce yourself and how to prepare for an interview． They also tell you what to say to an interviewer on the telephone， Some websites give you examples of interview conversations to practice． One even has a dictionary of interview words． A good website can be a big help in your job search．Good luck with your job hunting!
How do you find a job on the Internet？
A．Use the words "job search".
B．Make a list of full-time jobs you need.
C．Type in your name and where you work.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
听力原文： Americans are big tippers. Generally the custom is more common in a large city than in a small town. Customers are expected to give a tip, or small amount of money, whenever services are performed. A tip is expected by the porter who carries your baggage, by taxi drivers (in the case, 15 percent of the fare) and by those who serve you in hotels and restaurants. For example, in hotels it is customary to give a tip to the porter who carries your suitcase and shows you to your room. In this case, 50 cents for each bag is satisfactory; in restaurants you generally leave about 15 percent fit. he bill on the table as a tip for the person who has served you.
There are two common explanations for the origin of tipping. The Oxford English Dictionary says 6p is 17th century' underworld slang for "give"—as in the threat "tip me your wallet or your life". Opponents of tipping will probably prefer this explanation and they argue that tipping suggests the practice that is originally a form. of theft or robbery. The second explanation which is still less reputable is that in Renaissance coffee-houses, boxes were set near the door, into which customers could drop small sum of money for good service. These boxes, according to the story, bore the explanatory words "To Insure Promptitude", which was gradually shortened to Tip.
(27)
A．A porter.
B．A waitress.
C．A nurse.
D．A taxi-driver.
How Should You Build up Your Vocabulary
Exactly what do you do during a normal day？ How do you spend your time？ Paul T. Rankin very much wanted an answer to that question. To get it, he asked sixty-eight individuals to keep an accurate, detailed record of what they did every minute of their waking hours. When he consolidated (巩固) his findings, he discovered that the average individual spent 70 percent of his waking time doing one thing only--communication. That meant either reading, writing, speaking or listening.
Put that evidence alongside of the research findings uncovered by the Human Engineering Laboratories. In exploring aptitudes and careers involving, among other things, data from 30,000 vocabulary tests given yearly, they discovered that big incomes and big vocabularies go together. Vocabulary, more than any other factor yet known, predicts financial success.
And it all fits. Each word you add to your vocabulary makes you a better reader, writer, speaker and listener. Furthermore, linguistic scientists are quick to point out that we actually think with words. If that is so, new words make us better thinkers as well as communicators. No wonder more words are likely to mean more money. What better reason for beginning right now to extend your vocabulary？
Take reading. What exactly do you read？ Common sense says you read words. Research confirms that fact. "Vocabulary in context" contributes 39 percent to comprehension. That' s more than any other factor isolated and studied--even more than intelligence. And "word discrimination" contributes more to speed of reading than any other factor--28 percent. In short, your efforts to improve vocabulary will pay off in both comprehension and speed.
Suppose, as you' re reading along, you lumtebs across a strange word. Did you find your self stopping for a closer look at lumtebs？ Pardon the spelling slip. That' s actually the word stumble (偶然发现). The letter just got mixed around. Obviously you now know that strange words do slow you down--or even stop you completely. Furthermore, strange words hinder (妨碍) comprehension. Which is easier to understand, "eschew garrulity" or "avoiding talking too much"？
What you need is a vital ,dynamic approach to vocabulary building. Hybrid (混合种) corn combines the best qualities of several varieties to ensure maximum productivity. A hybrid approach to vocabulary should, in the same way, ensure maximum results. That' s why you should use the CPD formula.
Through Context
When students in a college class were asked what should be done when they came across an unknown word in their reading, 84 percent said, "Look it up in file dictionary." If you do, however, you short-circuit the very mental processes needed to make your efforts most productive.
But there' s another reason. Suppose someone asks you what the word fast means. You answer, "speedy or swift". But does it mean that in such contexts as "fast color", "fast woman", or "fast friend"？ And if a horse is fast, is it securely tied or galloping (飞驰) at top speed？ It could be either. It all depends. On the dictionary？ No, on context--on how the word is actually used. After all, there are over twenty different meanings for fast in the dictionary. But the dictionary doesn' t tell you which meaning is intended. That' s why it makes such good sense to begin with context.
Through Word Parts
Now for the next step. Often unfamiliar words contain one or more parts, which, if recognized, provide definite help with meaning. Suppose you read that someone "had a predilection for reading mysteries". The context certainly isn' t too helpful. But do you see a prefix, suffix or root that you know？ Well, there' s the familiar prefix pre-, meaning "before'. Look back at th
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
Build up Your Vocabulary
Exactly what do you do during a normal day？ How do you spend your time？ Paul T. Rankin very much wanted an answer to that question. To get it, he asked sixty-eight individuals to keep an accurate, detailed record of what they did every minute of their waking hours. When he consolidated his findings, be discovered that the average individual spent 70 percent of his waking time doing one thing only—communication. That meant reading, writing, speaking or listening.
Put that evidence alongside of the research findings uncovered by the Human Engineering Laboratories. In exploring aptitudes and careers involving, among other things, data from 30, 000 vocabulary tests given yearly, they discovered that big incomes and big vocabularies go together. Vocabulary, more than any other factors yet known, predicts financial success.
And it all fits. Each word you add to your vocabulary makes you a better reader, writer, speaker and listener. Furthermore, linguistic scientists are quick to point out that we actually think with words. If that is so, new words make us better thinkers as well as communicators. No wonder more words are likely to mean more money. What better reason for beginning right now to extend your vocabulary？
Take reading. What exactly do you read？ Common sense says you read words. Research confirms that fact. "Vocabulary in context" contributes 39 percent to comprehension. That's more than any other factor isolated and studied—even more than intelligence. And "word in parts" contributes more to speed of reading than any other factor—28 percent. In short, your efforts to improve vocabulary will pay off in both comprehension and speed.
Suppose, as you're reading along, you come across a strange word lumtebs. Did you find yourself stopping for a closer look at lumtebs？ Pardon the spelling slip. That's actually the word stumble(偶然发现). The fetters just got mixed around. Obviously you now know that strange words do slow you down—or even stop you completely. Furthermore, strange words hinder comprehension. Which is easier to understand, "eschew garrulity" or "avoiding talking too much"？
What you need is a vital, dynamic approach to vocabulary building. Hybrid(混合种) corn combines the best qualities of several varieties to ensure maximum productivity. A hybrid approach to vocabulary should, in the same way, ensure maximum results. That's why you should use the CPD formula.
Through Context
When students in a college class were asked what should be done when they came across an unknown word in their reading, 84 percent said. "Look it up in the dictionary." If you do, however, you short-circuit the very mental processes needed to make your efforts most productive.
But there's another reason. Suppose someone asks you what the word fast means. You answer. "speedy or swift". But does it mean that in such contexts as "fast color", "fast woman", or "fast friend"？ And if a horse is fast, is it securely tied or galloping(飞驰) at top speed？ It could be either. It all depends. On the dictionary？ No, on context—on how the word is actually used. After all, there are over twenty different meanings for fast in the dictionary. But the dictionary doesn't tell you which meaning is intended. That's why it makes such good sense to begin with context.
Through Word Parts
Now for the next step. Often unfamiliar words contain one or more parts, which, if, recognized, provide definite help with meaning. Suppose you read that someone "had a predilection for reading mysteries". The context certainly isn't too helpful. But do you see a prefix, suffix or toot that you know？ Well, there's the familiar prefix pre-, meaning "before". Look back at the context and try inserting "before". Reading mysteries apparently comes "before" other kinds of reading. Yes, a predilection—or preference—is something put "
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
Big Blunders from Big Businesses
International marketing can be a tricky business. With the increase in global trade, international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive and profitable. Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing results. Out of their blunders, a whole new industry of translation services has emerged.
Faulty Translations
The value of understanding the language of a country cannot be overestimated. Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising. Since a language is more than the sum of its words, a literal, word-by-word dictionary translation seldom works. The following examples prove this point. Otis Engineering Company once displayed a poster at a trade show in Moscow that turned heads. Due to a poor translation of its message, the sign boasted that the firm's equipment was great for improving a person's sex life. The Parker Pen Company suffered an embarrassing moment when it realized that a faulty translation of one of its ads into Spanish resulted in a promise to "help prevent unwanted Pregnancies."
Automobile manufacturers in the United States have made several notorious advertising mistakes that have been well publicized. General Motors learned a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrolet Nova to the Puerto Rican market. Although "nova" means "star" in Spanish, when it is spoken, it sounds like "nova" which means "it doesn't go." Few people wanted to buy a car with that meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales picked up dramatically. Ford also ran into trouble with the name of one of its products. When it introduced a low-cost truck called the "Fiera" into Spanish speaking countries, Ford didn't realize until too late that the name meant "ugly old woman" in Spanish. Another American auto manufacturer made a mistake when it translated its Venezuelan ad for a car battery. It was no surprise when Venezuelan customers didn't want to buy a battery that was advertised as being "highly overrated."
Airline companies have also experienced problems of poor translation. A word-by-word translation ruined a whole advertising campaign for Braniff Airlines. Hoping to promote its plush leather seats, Braniff's ad urged passengers to "fly on leather." However, when the slogan was translated into Spanish, it told customers to "fly naked." Another airline company, Eastern Airlines, made a similar mistake when it translated its motto, "We earn our wings daily" into Spanish. The poor translation suggested that its 'passengers often ended up dead.
Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies. One American food company's friendly "Jolly Green Giant" became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as "Intimidating Green Ogre." When translated into German, Pepsi's popular slogan, "Come Alive with Pepsi" came out implying "Come Alive from the Grave." No wonder customers in Germany didn't rush out to buy Pepsi. Even a company with an excellent international track record like Kentucky Fried Chicken is not immune to the perils of faulty translation. A lot of sales were lost when the catch phrase "finger lickin' good" became "eat your fingers off" in the Chinese translation.
A manufacturer of one laundry detergent made an expensive mistake in a promotional campaign in the Middle East. The advertisements showed a picture of a pile of dirty clothes on the left, a box of the company's detergent in the middle, and clean clothes on the right. Unfortunately, the message was incorrectly interpreted because most people in the Middle East read from right to left. It seemed to them that the detergent turned clean clothes into dirty ones.
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
Chinese Dialects (方言)
The enormous differences in Chinese dialects have been a continuing problem ever since China became an empire in 221 B. C. , and it is one big reason why the country has remained impoverished (贫穷). Of the 600 million people who call themselves Chinese, all but a very small number speak Chinese. But the dialects vary so widely that the speech of Peking, for example, is as different from the speech of Canton as English is from German.
There is to be sure, only one written language for all China, but it bears no phonetic(语音的)relationship to any of the spoken dialects. Moreover, it has so many symbols that only a tiny portion of the population has ever mastered it.
As a result, most Chinese have been isolated for centuries from a free flow of ideas and from the economic progress that such a flow produces. Many dynasties tried with little success to break down the wall. After recognizing the importance of having a literate people for working in a technological world and for developing an effective propaganda(宣传) machine, the present government is putting everything into tackling the language problem. But the obstacles are so formidable(难以应付的) that the results cannot yet be predicted.
At the heart the problem is the dialects. The dialects' prevented the evolution of a single written language based on phonetics. Instead, the Chinese were forced to develop a system that has no relation to sound, and they have clung to it for more than 3, 000 years. When this system is applied to a whole language, it results in an overwhelming number of symbols.
There are about 50, 000 entries in a Chinese dictionary not counting the compounds(复合词). In order to be literate, a Chinese must learn 6, 000; to be moderately educated, 12, 000. An English-speaking child, having to conquer only a twenty-six-letter alphabet, has usually learned to read by the time he begins the third grade. A Chinese child needs at least five more years of elementary learning; in the seventh grade, he can barely read a Chinese newspaper.
A. Dealing with the Problem of Various Dialects
B. Difficulties in Learning Chinese
C. Features of Chinese Dialects
D. Differences in Chinese Dialects
E. Dialects as Heart of the Problem
F. Ways of the Government to Tackle the Problem
Paragraph 1______
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