When the carrier is liable for compensation in respect of loss of or damage to the goods s
A.cost
B.compensation
C.value
D.price
A.cost
B.compensation
C.value
D.price
A、come up
B、keep in touch
C、go ahead
D、keep up
The role of Incoterms 1990 is to give the business person a set of international rules for the interpretation of the more commonly used terms such as FOB, CIF and EXW in foreign trade contracts. Such a range of terms enables the businessperson to decide which is the most suitable for their needs , knowing that the interpretation of terms will not vary by individual country.
It must be recognized, however, that it is not always possible to give a precise interpretation. In such situations one musL rely on the custom of the trade or port. Businesspersons are advised to use terms that are subject to varying interpretations as little as possible and to rely on the well-established and intemationally accepted terms. To avoid any-misunderstandings or disputes, the parties to the contract are well advised to keep trading customs of individual countries in mind when negotiating their export sales contract. However,parties to the contract may use Incoterms as the general basis of their contract , but may specify variations of them or additions to them relevant to the particular trade or circumstances. An example is the CIF plus war risk insurance. The seller would base his quotation accordingly. Special provisions in the individual contract between the parties willoverride[1] anything in the Incoterm provisions.
A point to bear especially in mind is the need for caution in the variation, for example, of CFR,CIF or DDP. The addition of a word or letter could change the contract and its interpretation. It is essential that any such variation be explicitly stated in the contract to ensure each party to the contract to be aware of its obligations and act accordingly.
The buyer and seller parties Lo the contract must especially bear in mind that Incoterms only defines their relationship in contract terms, andhas no bearin directly or indirectly on[2] the carriers' obligations to them as found in the contract of carriage. However,the law of carriage will determine how the seller should fulfil his obligation to deliver the goods to the carrier on board the vessel as found in FOB, CFR and CIF. A further point to bear in mind by the seller and buyer is that there is no obligation for the seller to procure an msurance policy for the buyer's benefit. However, in practice, many contracts request the buyer or seller to arrange insurance from the point of departure in the country of dispatch to the point of final destination chosen by the buyer.
Incoterms 1990 can be divided into recommended usage by modes of transport as under all modes (i. e. combined transport) , EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAF, DDP, DDU; conventional port/sea transport only FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF, DES, DEQ. Incoterms 1990 reflects the changes and development of international distribution during the past decade, especially the development of combined transportation and associated documentation together with electronic data interchange.
[1]比……重要
[2]与……没有直接或间接关系
Questions for reading :
The closing inventory at cost of a company at 31 January 20X3 amounted to $284,700. The following items were included at cost in the total: 1 400 coats, which had cost $80 each and normally sold for $150 each. Owing to a defect in manufacture, they were all sold after the reporting date at 50% of their normal price. Selling expenses amounted to 5% of the proceeds. 2 800 skirts, which had cost $20 each. These too were found to be defective. Remedial work in February 20X3 cost $5 per skirt, and selling expenses for the batch totalled $800. They were sold for $28 each. What should the inventory value be according to IAS 2 Inventories after considering the above items?
A、$281,200
B、$282,800
C、$329,200
D、None of these
A、It is probable that the seawater got into the wooden cases and damaged the goods.
B、We ordered KM-32 but received KM-22.
C、The goods you sent us are not up to par.
D、A part of the goods were damaged in transit.
A、We would like to file a complaint with you about insufficient packing.
B、I would like you to find a way to solve the problem.
C、Your shipment hasn’t arrived yet. Who is to pay us for the loss?
D、Please treat our matter as soon as possible.
A、1. I hope you can take it easy. I have to find out what caused the problem.
B、2. We have received your fax filing complaint with us.
C、3. If the problem was caused by us, we’ll pay for your loss.
D、4. As the claim you lodged with us involves two points, I propose to take them up one by one.
A、1. We came to the conclusion that the shipping company and the insurance company should be liable for the damage.
B、2. We’re filling a claim with our insurance company.
C、3. The problem was caused by mislabeling.
D、4. Some workers used the old labels for the new products.
A、1. You may raise a claim within 60 days after the arrival of goods at the destination.
B、2. The certificate speaks for itself. The leakage of juice was brought about by damaged tins.
C、3. Before shipment, the goods were inspected by the Guangzhou Commodities Inspection Bureau.
D、4. They concluded that the goods were up to standard for export.
A、1. You ordered the goods at FOB Huangpu price.
B、2. So we think your claim should be referred to the insurance company, as the loss occurred after shipment.
C、3. As a matter of fact, we are greatly surprised at your claims.
D、4. It is a problem for which the shipping company should be responsible.
为了保护您的账号安全,请在“简答题”公众号进行验证,点击“官网服务”-“账号验证”后输入验证码“”完成验证,验证成功后方可继续查看答案!