Though it is a mere I to 3 percent of the populati...

第1题

The Now Rich and the Old Rich Though it is mere 1 to 3 percent of the population, the uppe

The Now Rich and the Old Rich

Though it is mere 1 to 3 percent of the population, the upper class possesses at least 25 percent of the nation’s wealth. This class has two segments: upper-upper and lower-upper. Basically, the upper-upper class is the “old rich”—families that have been wealthy for several generations and aristocracy of birth and wealth. Their names are in the Social Register, a listing of acceptable members of high society. A few are known across the nation, such as the Rockfellers, Roosevelts, and Vanderbilts. Most are not visible to the general public. They live in grand seclusion (深居简出), drawing their income from the investment of their inherited wealth. In contrast, the lower upper class is the “new rich”. Although they may he wealthier than some of the old rich, the new rich have hustled(急于做)to make their money like everybody else beneath their class. Thus their prestige is generally lower than that of the old rich, who have not found it necessary to lift a finger to make their money, and who tend to look down upon the new rich.

However its wealth is acquired, the upper class is very, very rich. They have enough money and leisure time to cultivate an interest in the arts and to collect rare books, painting, and sculpture. They generally live in exclusive areas, belong to exclusive social clubs, communicate with each other, and marry their own kind — all of which keeps them so distant from the masses that they have been called the out-of-sight class. They also command an enormous amount of power and influence here and abroad, as they hold many top government positions, run the Council on foreign relations, and control multinational corporations. Their actions affect the lives of millions.

All the following statements are true except that______.

A．the upper-upper class is of aristocratic origin

B．the “old rich” enjoy higher prestige than the “new rich”

C．the “old rich” isolate themselves and lead a lonely life

D．the upper class owns at least a quarter of the country’s wealth

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第2题

No species has developed a closer relationship with humanity than the dog, though cat-love

rs may disagree. But that relationships basis — what it is about dogs that allows them to live【C1】______ with people — is still【C2】______ understood. After all, dogs are【C3】______ from wolves, which are big, scary carnivores that would certainly have【C4】______ with early man for prey, and【C5】______ have been averse to the occasional human as a light snack. 【C6】______ specifically bred for fighting, dogs are more docile than wolves, so that is【C7】______ part of the answer. But mere docility cannot【C8】______ for why people like to have dogs in their homes. Sheep are【C9】______, but few people keep them as pets. Brian Hare, of Harvard University, thinks he knows. And, as he told the American Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in Seattle, it does not【C10】______ well on the intelligence of mankinds closest living【C11】______, the chimpanzee. Dr. Hares hypothesis is that dogs are superbly【C12】______ to social cues from people. That【C13】______ them to fit in with human society. On one【C14】______, this might sound common sense. But humans are such【C15】______ animals that they frequently【C16】______ to realize just how unusual are their own【C17】______ at communicating. Dr. Hare【C18】______ decided to test his idea by【C19】______ the abilities of dogs with those of chimpanzees,【C20】______ are often regarded as second only to people in their level of innate intelligence.

【C1】

A．at present

B．at difference

C．at ease

D．at distance

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第3题

It can never be proved, but it is a safe assumption that the first time five thousand ma

le human beings were ever gathered together in one place, they belonged to an army. That event probably occurred around 7000 BC, and it is an equally unsafe bet that the first truly【M1】______ large-scale slaughter of the people in human history happened very soon afterward. The first army almost certainly carried weapons no different from those hunters had been using on animals and on each other for【M2】______ thousands of years previously—spears, axes, bows and arrows. Its strength did not lie on mere numbers; what made it an army was【M3】______ discipline and organization. This multitude of men obeyed a single commander and killed their enemies to achieve his goals. It was the【M4】______ most awe concentration of power the human world had ever seen,【M5】______ and nothing besides another army could hope to resist it.【M6】______ The battle that occurred when two such armies fought has little【M7】______ in common with the clashes of primitive warfare. Thousands of men were crowded together in tight formations that moved on command and marched in step. Drill, practiced over many days and months until it became automatic, is that transformed these men from a mob of【M8】______ individual fighters into an army. And when the packed formations of well-drilled men had【M9】______ collided on the forgotten battlefields of earliest kingdoms, what【M10】______ happened was quite impersonal, though every man died his own death. It was not the traditional combat between individual warriors.

【M1】

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第4题

Taste is such a subjective matter that we don' t usually conduct preference tests for food

. The most you can say about anyone' s is that it' s one person' s opinion. But because the two big cola companies -- CocaCola and Pepsi Cola --are marketed so aggressively, we're wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty. We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either CocaCola Or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind tasting.

We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either C0caCola Classic or Pepsi, Diet Coke, or Diet Pepsi. These were people who thought they' d have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand.

We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers. Then we fed them four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other. We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants' choices with what mere guesswork could have accomplished.

Getting ail four samples right was a tough test, but not too though, for people who believed they could recognize their brand. In the end, only 7 out of 19 regular cola drinkers correctly identified theft brand of choice in all four trials. The diet cola drinkers did a little worse -- only 7 out of 27 identified all four samples correctly.

While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. Two people got all four samples wrong. Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burnout, was not a factor. Our preference test results suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price.

According to the passage the preference test was conducted in order to______.

A．find out the role taste preference plays in a person' s drinking

B．reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkers

C．show that a person' s opinion about taste is mere guesswork

D．compare the ability of the participants in choosing their drinks

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第5题

Taste is such a subjective matter that we don't usually conduct preference tests for food.

The most you can say about anyone's is that it's one person's opinion. But because the two big cola companies -- Coca Cola and Pepsi Cola --are marketed so aggressively, we've wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty. We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either CocaCola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind tasting.

We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either CocaCola Classic or Pepsi, Diet Coke, or Diet Pepsi. These were people who thought they'd have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand.

We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers. Then we fed them four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other. We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants' choices with what mere guesswork could have accomplished.

Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too though, for people who believed they could recognize their brand. In the end, only 7 out of 19 regular cola drinkers correctly identified their brand of choice in all four trials. The diet cola drinkers did a little worse -- only 7 out of 27 identified all four samples correctly.

While both groups did better than chance would predict; nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. Two people got all four samples wrong. Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burnout, was not a factor. Our preference test results suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price.

According to the passage the preference test was conducted in order to ______.

A．find out the role taste preference plays in a person's drinking

B．reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkers

C．show that a person's opinion about taste is mere guesswork

D．compare the ability of the participants in choosing their drinks

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第6题

If books had never been discovered, man would have found some other way of recording his c

ommunication. But then, for our consideration, we should include as books everything that is a written record. This would include tablets, papyrus and anything else—including computer diskettes. In the case of music, it would be impossible to think that man can live without it. Looking at primitive cultures, it appears that music is actually a part of the human psyche. When two things are knocked together, music is produced. So for the sake of our discussion, it is intended to restrict the meaning of music to the popularly accepted concept. Music is the pleasing combination of sounds that we like to listen to.

Though it is difficult to, we can pretend that these things never existed. In this case we would not miss them today. To compare with recent inventions, let. us look at radio and television. Though we cannot think of life without them today, this is so only from comparatively recent times. There are many of us living today who had seen a time when there was no television. They will tell us that life was not that much different. The same is probably true of radio. But books are a different thing because they, or something akin to them, began thousands of years ago. In the case of music, it goes back even further—perhaps to millions of years. We may be able to imagine a world which never saw books, because books are a human invention. However, in the case' of music this does not seem possible. Pleasing sounds are all around us; like the singing of the birds and the whistling of the wind. Music just seems to be inborn in US and in the world around us.

If books did not exist, the world will be a poorer place indeed. Great philosophies like Plato's would become unknown and all the pleasures and lessons we could get from them will be lost forever. Then there is literature like the works of the great masters like Shakespeare, Dickens and Jane Austen. What a somber, miserable world it will be without the pleasures of reading. Since mere are so many other things which depend on reading-like plays, songs and movies—we can expect them to disappear also. It would be a dark and unsatisfying world where knowledge is not propagated; where there ale no books to derive pleasure from.

In the case of music: Without it the world will be bleak and cold indeed. It would be a terrible world with no cheery runes, no songs to sing and no great music to lose ourselves in. A world which does not listen to the music of the great masters like Chopin and Beethoven would be a very sorry world. There will not be so many smiles on faces anymore. When we lose music. an expression of a deep part of ourselves—from the soul—is lost. With music, connected activities like dancing will be lost too. A world without music and dancing will bring US back to the Stone Age.

Unlike radio, television, telephones and computers, reading and music ale not mere conveniences that we can live without. Reading is crucial for self-expression and for passing on records and knowledge to future generations. Music is part of our very soul. A world without these will not be the world as we know it. In fact. many of us would not want to live in such a world.

Music is part of the human psyche because ______.

A．it is part of primitive culture

B．it is something we like to listen to

C．it always strikes a chord with us

D．it has been produced since ancient times

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第7题

Section AThere is probably no limit to what science can do in the way of increasing positi

Section A

There is probably no limit to what science can do in the way of increasing positive excellence. (81) Health has already been greatly improved; in spite of the lamentations of those who idealize the past, we live longer and have fewer illnesses than any class or nation in the eighteenth century. With a little more application of the knowledge we already possess, we might be much healthier than we are, and future discoveries are likely to accelerate this process enormously.

So far, it has been physical science that has had the most effect upon our lives, but in the future physiology and psychology are likely to be far more potent. (82) When we have discovered how character depends upon physiological conditions, we shall be able, if we choose, to produce far more of the type of human beings that we admire. Intelligence, artistic capacity, benevolence--all these things no doubt could be increased by science. There seems scarcely any limit to what could be done in the way of producing a good world, if only men would use science wisely.

(83) There is a certain attitude about the application of science to human life with which I have some sympathy, though I do not, in the last analysis, agree with it. It is the attitude of those who dread what is "unnatural". Rousseau is, of course, the great protagonist of the view in Europe. In Asia, Lao-Tze has set it forth even more persuasively, and 2,400 years sooner. (84) I think there is a mixture of truth and falsehood in the admiration of "nature", which it is important to disentangle. To begin with, what is "natural''？ Roughly speaking, anything to which the speaker was accustomed in childhood. Lao-Tze objects to roads and carriages and boats, all of which were probably unknown in the village where he was born. Rousseau has got used to these things, and does not regard them as against nature. But he would no doubt have thundered against railways if he had lived to see them. Clothes and cooking are too ancient to be denounced by most of the apostles of nature, though they all object to new fashions in either. Birth control is thought wicked by people who tolerate celibacy, because the former is a new violation of' nature and the latter an ancient one. (85) In these ways those who preach "nature" are inconsistent, and one is tempted to regard them as mere conservatives.

(86)

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第8题

Though it is mere 1 to 3 percent of the population, the upper class possesses at least 25

percent of the nation's wealth. This class has two segments: upper-upper and lower-upper. Basically, the upper-upper class is the "old rich"—families that have been wealthy for several generations—an aristocracy of birth and wealth. Their names are in the Social Register, a listing of acceptable members of high society. A few are known across the nation, such as the Rockefellers, Roosevelts, and Vanderbilts. Most are not visible to the general public. They live in grand seclusion, drawing their income from the investment of their inherited wealth. In contrast, the lower-upper class is the "new rich". Although they may be wealthier than some of the old rich; the new rich have hustled to make their money like everybody else beneath their class. Thus their prestige is generally lower than that of the old rich, who have not found it necessary to lift a finger to make their money, and who tend to look down upon the new rich.

However its wealth is acquired, the upper class is very, very rich. They have enough money and leisure time to cultivate an interest in the arts and to collect rare books, painting, and sculpture. They generally live in exclusive areas, belong to exclusive social clubs, communicate with each other, and marry their own kind—all of which keeps them so distant from the masses that they have been called the out-of-sight class. More than any other class, they tend to be conscious of being members of a class. They also command an enormous amount of power and influence here and a broad, as they hold many top government positions, run the Council on Foreigh Relations, and control multinational corporations. The actions affect the lives of millions.

All the following statements are true EXCEPT that______.

A．the upper-upper class is of aristocratic origin

B．the "old rich" enjoy higher prestige than the "new rich"

C．the "old rich" isolate themselves and lead a lonely life

D．the upper class owns at least a quarter of the country's wealth

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Though it is a mere I to 3 percent of the population, the upper class possesses at least 2