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提问人：网友wind00123 发布时间：2022-01-07

[主观题]

In an average winter, highway departments spread some ten million tons of salt to keep roa

ds safe. The corrosive effects are well known, but for years they' re been dismissed with the argument that at around $ 25 a ton, salt is far cheaper than any alternative.

Lately, economists have added up the actual costs. The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that salt-induced road damage and vehicle corrosion cost $ 3 billion a year. That does not include damage to underground cables, which adds hundreds of millions to utility bills. Nor does it reflect the cost of brine leaking into porous water pipes, threatening the water supply. Salty water leaches into roadbeds, kills evergreens and poisons streams.

The various costs probably add another $ 2 billion to the national salt bill. Scientists estimate the full economic, or "life cycle," cost for a ton of salt at $ 500, or 20 times the $ 25 purchase price. That begins to make the switch to calcium magnesium acetate, perhaps the most promising alternative look practical. CMA, made from acetic acid and dolomitic(含白石的) lime, costs $ 600 a ton and has minimal adverse effect. Some researchers believe the cost can be halved by making CMA from waste cheese whey or pulp-mill effluent.

While CMA and other alternatives are being researched, many cities and states are cutting back on their use of salt. Keeping dispensing equipment in good repair helps reduce the amount spread.

Salt spread on road in winter may cause all the following problems except ______.

A．road damage

B．vehicle corrosion

C．damage of underground cables

D．car accident

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更多“In an average winter, highway departments spread some ten million tons of salt to keep roa”相关的问题

第1题

Winter temperatures average 85 degrees below zero in Antarctica.A．RightB．WrongC．Not mentio

Winter temperatures average 85 degrees below zero in Antarctica.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

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第2题

Why does the professor say this:A．To explain why only icebreakers can cross the passageB．T

Why does the professor say this:

A．To explain why only icebreakers can cross the passage

B．To show the difference between ice in winter and summer

C．To illustrate changes in the ice covering the Arctic region

D．To describe the dimensions of an average iceberg

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第3题

Is the statement “The values for Cl- wet deposition were greater during the winter and ear

ly spring when road salt is typically applied” supported by the results of Study 2 ？

A.Yes, because Cl- wet deposition values were, on average, greater from November to April than they were from May to October.

B.Yes, because Cl- wet deposition values were, on average, less from November to April than they were from May to October.

C.No, because Cl- wet deposition values were, on average, greater from November to April than they were from May to October.

D.No, because Cl- wet deposition values were, on average, less from November to April than they were from May to October.

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第4题

The Cold PlacesThe Arctic is a polar region. It surrounds the North Pole. Like Antarctica,

The Cold Places

The Arctic is a polar region. It surrounds the North Pole.

Like Antarctica, the Arctic is a land of ice and snow. Antarctica holds the record for a low temperature reading--125 degrees Fahrenheit below zero. Reading of 85 degrees below zero is common in both the Arctic and Antarctica. Winter temperatures average 30 degrees below zero in the Arctic. At the South Pole the winter average is about 73 degrees below zero.

One thing alone makes it almost impossible for men to live in Antarctica and in parts of the Arc tic. This one thing is the low temperature--the killing chill of far North and the polar South.

To survive, men must wear the warmest possible clothing. They must build windproof shelters. They must keep heaters going at all times. Not even for a moment can they be unprotected against the below-zero temperatures.

Men have a way of providing for themselves. Polar explorers wrap themselves in warm coats and furs. The cold makes life difficult. But the explorers can stay alive.

What about animals？ Can they survive？ Do we find plants？ Do we find life in the Arctic and in Antarctica？ Yes, we do. There is life in the oceans. There is life on land.

Antarctica, as we have seen, is a cold place indeed. But this has not always been the case. Expedition scientists have discovered that Antarctica has not always been a frozen continent. At one time the weather in Antarctica may have much like our own.

Explorers have discovered coal in Antarctica. This leads them to believe that Antarctica at one time was a land of swamps and forests. Heat and moisture must have kept the trees in the forests alive.

The lowest temperature that man has ever known was recorded in Antarctica.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

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第5题

根据材料，回答题。 The Cold PlacesThe Arctic is a polar region. It surrounds the North Pole.

根据材料，回答题。

The Cold Places

The Arctic is a polar region. It surrounds the North Pole.

Like Antarctica， the Arctic is a land of ice and snow. Antarctica holds the record for a low temperature reading——125 degrees Fahrenheit below zero~ Reading of 85 degrees below zero is common in both the Arctic and Antarctica. Winter temperatures average 30 degrees below zero in the Arctic. At the South Pole the winter average is about 73 degrees below zero.

One thing alone makes it almost impossible for men to live in Antarctica and in parts of the Arctic. This one thing is the low temperature——the killing chili of far North and the polar South.

To survive， men must wear the warmest possible clothing. They must build windproof shelters. They must keep heaters going at all times. Not ever for a moment can they be unprotected "against the below-zero temperatures.

Men have a way of providing for themselves. Polar explorers wrap themselves in warm coatsand furs. The cold makes life difficult. But the explorers can stay alive.

What albout animals？ Can they survive？ Do we find plants？ Do we find life in the Arctic andin Antarctica？ Yes， we do. There is life in the oceans. There is life on land.

Antarctica， as we have seen， is a cold place indeed. But this has not always been the case.

Expedition scientists have discovered that Antarctica has not always been a frozen continent. At one time the weather in Antarctica may have much like our own.

Explorers have discovered coal in Antarctica. This leads them to believe that Antarctica at one time was a land of swamps and forests. Heat and moisture must have kept the trees in the forests alive.

The lowest temperature that man has ever known was recorded in Antarctica. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

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第6题

Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each p

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.

听力原文：Winter weather has arrived in northern areas of the world. In much of the United States, winter means the return of mow. Snow is a subject of great interest to weather experts. Experts sometimes have difficulty estimating where, when or how much snow will fall.

Snow is a form. of frozen water. It contains many groups of tiny ice particles, called snow crystals. These crystals grow from water panicles in cold clouds. They usually grow around a piece of dust. All snow crystals have six sides, but they grow in different shapes. The shape depends mainly on the temperature and water levels in the air. The shape of a snow crystal may change from one form. to another as the crystal passes through levels of air with different temperatures. When melting snow crystals or raindrops fall through very cold air, they freeze to form. mall particles of ice, called sleet.

When snow crystals stick together, they produce snowflakes. Snowflakes come in different sizes. As many as 100 crystals may join together to form. a snowflake larger than two-and-one-half centimeters. Snow contains much less water than rain. About 15 centimeters of wet snow has as much water as 2.5 centimeters of rain. Each year, the continental United States has an average of 100 snow storms. An average storm produces snow for two to five days. Almost every part of the country has received snowfall at one time or another. Even parts of southern Florida have reported a few snowflakes.

Why are weather experts greatly interested in snow？

(27)

A．Because the shape of snow crystal(晶体) is still a mystery for experts.

B．Because the snowfall is a blessing for human beings.

C．Because experts have different ideas about the formation of snowflakes.

D．Because it is not easy to judge the time or place of snowfall.

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第7题

Home SchoolingAll children in the United States have to receive an education, but the law

Home Schooling

All children in the United States have to receive an education, but the law does not say they have to be educated at school. A number of parents prefer not to send their children to school. 46 There are about 300, 000 home-schoolers in the United States today. Some parents prefer teaching their children at home because they do not believe that public schools teach the correct religious values;others believe they can provide a better educational experience for their children by teaching them at home. 47 

David Guterson and his wife teach their three children at home. Guterson says that his children learn very differently from children in school. 48 For example, when there is heavy snowfall on a winter day, it may start a discussion or reading about climate, snow removal(去除)equipment, Alaska, polar bears(北极熊), and winter tourism. A spring evening when the family is out watching the stars is a good time to ask questions about satellites and the space program. 49 

Home schooling is often more interesting than regular schools, but critics say that home-schoolers are outsiders who might be uncomfortable mixing with other people in adult life. 50 However, most parents don't have the time or the desire to teach their children at home, so schools will continue to be where most children get their formal education. 

A Interestingly, results show that home-schooled children quite often do better than average on national tests in reading and math. 

B Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children. 

C Learning starts with the children's parentsinterests and questions. 

D Children who are educated at home are known as “home-schoolers”. 

E In some countries, however, children are educated by their parents. 

F If the Brazilian rain forests are on the TV news, it could be a perfect time to talk about how rain forests influence the climate, and how deserts are formed.

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第8题

阅读材料，回答题。 Home Schooling All children in the United States have to receive an ed

阅读材料，回答题。

Home Schooling

All children in the United States have to receive an education, but the law does not say they have to be educated at school. A number of parents prefer not to send their children to school,46There are about 300,000 home-schoolers in the United States today. Some parents prefer teaching their children at home because they do not believe that public schools teach the correct religious values; others believe they can provide a better educational experience for their children by teaching them at home.47David Guterson and his wife teach their three children at home. Guterson says that his children learn very differently from children in school.48For example, when there is heavy snowfall on a winter day, it maystart a discussion or reading about climate, snow removal (去除) equipment, Alaska, polai bears (北极熊) ,and winter tourism.A spring evening when the family is out watching the stars is a good time to ask questions about satellites and the space program49

Home schooling is often more interesting than regular schools, but critics say that home-schooled are outsiders who might be uncomfortable mixing with other people in adult life.50However, most parents don&39;t have the time or the desire to teach their children at home, so schools will continue to be where most children get their formal education.

请在第__（46）__处填上正确答案。查看材料

A.Interestingly， results show that home-schooled children quite often do better than average on national tests in reading and math.

B.Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children.

C.Learning starts with the children"s interests and questions.

D.Children who are educated at home are known as "home-schoolers."

E..In some countries， however， children are educated by their parents.

F.If the Brazilian rain forests are on the TV news.it could be a perfect time to talk about how rain forestsinfluence the climate， and how deserts are formed.

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第9题

"Idle speculation" has no place in science, but "speculation" is its very lifeblood, a wel

lknown physicist believes.

The more fundamental and far-reaching a scientific theory is, the more speculative it is likely to be. It is erroneous to believe that science is only concerned with "pure facts", for mere accumulation of facts is a primitive form. of science. A mature science tries to arrange facts in significant patterns to see relationships between previously unrelated aspects 'of the universe.

A theory that does not suggest new ways of looking at the universe is not likely to make an important contribution to the development of science. However it is also important that theories are checked by new experiments and observations.

Dr. Ovenden discusses recent discoveries in biology, chemistry, and 'physics that give clues to the possibility of life in the solar system and other star systems. He discusses conditions on Mars, Venus, Jupiter, and Saturn, and considers whether or not the same conditions may be found on planets of other stars.

Only the planets Venus, Earth, and Mars lie within the temperature zone, about 75,000, 000 miles wide in which life can exist. Venus is covered by a dense layer of clouds which permit no observation of the surface, and the surface temperature of the planet is not known.

Mars is colder than Earth, the average temperature being about minus 40 degrees Fahrenheit, compared with plus 59 degrees Fahrenheit as the average for earth. However near the Mars poles during the summer season, temperatures may rise to as much as 70 degrees Fahrenheit, whereas winter temperatures may fall to minus 130 degrees Fahrenheit.

Because of the extreme difference in the Martian(火星的) seasons, the only life forms expected to exist, without a built-in(内在的，固有的) temperature control such as warm-blooded animals and humans have, are those which would stay inactive most of the year.

Attempts have been made to detect in the spectrum of the dark markings on Mars, the absorption lines due to chlorophyII. So far the test has not succeeded. But the infrared spectrum of the Martian markings has been found to be very similar to the spectrum of earth vegetation when studied at high altitudes.

Life, as we know it, most likely would exist on Mars near its ______.

A．poles

B．equator

C．center

D．canals

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第10题

根据下列文章,请回答 46～50 题。 Home Schooling All children in the United States have

根据下列文章,请回答 46～50 题。

Home Schooling

All children in the United States have to receive an education．but the law does not say they have to be educated at school．A number of parents prefer not to send their children to school。_________(1)There are about 300，000 home-scholars in the United States today．Some parents prefer teaching their children at home because they do not believe that public schools teach the correct religious values；others believe they can provide a better educational experience for their children by teaching them at home．_________(2)

David Guterson and his wife teach their three children at home．Guterson says that his children learn very differently from children in school．__________(3)For example。when there is heavy snowfall on a winter day, it may start a discussion or reading about climate。snow removal(去除)equipment，Alaska，polar bears(北极熊)，and winter tourism．A spring evening when the family is out watching the stars is a good time to ask questions about satellites and the space program。________ (4)

Home schooling is often more interesting than regular schools．but critics say that home-scholars are outsiders who might be uncomfortable mixing with other people in adult Life，________(5)However, most parents don’t have the time or the desire l0 teach their children at home。SO schools will continue to be where most children gel their formal education．

A．Interestingly，results show that home—schooled children quite often do better than average on national tests in reading and math．

B．Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children．

C．Learning starts with the children。S interests and questions．

D．Children who are educated at home are known as home．scholars．”

E．In some countries。however, children are educated by their parents．

F．If the Brazilian rain forests are on the TV news，it could be a perfect time to talk about how rain forests influence the climate。and how deserts are formed．

第 46 题请选择（1）处最佳答案。

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