Nelson Mandela was born in South Atrica on July 18, 1918. His tather was a Chiet of a
tribe. Mandela had strong character even from he was a child and he respected national heroes very much. As the oldest son in his family, Mandela was appointed as the successor of the tribe, but he refuseD.He said he would never dominate a tribe, which was under oppressed, with a chief identity. He determined to throw himself into the career of the national liberation.
Mandela was educated at University College of Fort Hare and University of Witwatersrand and qulified in law in 1942. He joined the African National Congress (ANC) in 1944, and was sccessfully led the resistance against the apartheid policies. Nelson Mandela thus won the respect of all the blacks in South America.
In June 1961, he became the commander of the military organization of ANC . Because of his political activity, he went on trial for treason in 1956-1961 . In 1962, Mandela was arrested and stayed in prison for five years with hard labor. In 1964, he was sentenced to life imprisonment.
(Locked up in his cell during daylight hours, deprived of music, both these simple pleasures were denied him for decades. With his fllw prisoners, concerts were organized when possible, particularly at Christmas time,where they would sing. Nelson Mandela finds music very uplifting, and takes a keen interest not only in European classical music but also in African choral music and the many talents in South African musiC.Even years later, Nelson Mandela' s greatest pleasure, his most private moment, was sill watching the sun set with the music of Handel or Tchaikovsky playing.
He stayed in the prison for 27 yeas. During his years in prison, he consistently refused to compromise his political position to obtain his freedom. Mandela' s reputation grew steady. He became a potent symbol ofresistance as the anti-apartheid movement.
Mandela was eventually set free on February 18, 1990. The event was broadcast live all over the worlD.On the day of his release from prison, Mandela made a speech to the nation. He said, "To be free is not merely to cast off one's chains, but to live in a way that respects and enhances the freedom of others." In 1994, Nelson Mandela became the first black President in the history of South Africa.
The years in jail reinforced his habits that were already entrencheD.From the 1940s, he had the disciplined eating regime of an athlete, and did early morning exercise everyday. Still today Nelson Mandela is up by 4:30 am,irespective of how late he has worked the previous evening. By 5 am he has begun his exercise routine that lasts at least an hour. Breakfast is by 6:30, when the day' s newspapers are reaD.The day' s work has begun.
With a standard working day of at least 12 hours, time management is crucial and Mandela is extremely impatient with unpunctuality, regarding it as insulting to those you are dealing with.
In his life time, he won nearly one hundred awards. In 1993, he was honored with the Nobel Peace Prize, which was to commend his contribution in against racial discrimination for half a century. Nevertheless, Mandela accepted it as an accolade to all the people who have worked for peace.
56.Whom did Mandela respect in his childhood？
A.National athletes.
B.National heroes.
C.White people.
D.His parents.
57.Nelson Mandela refused to be the chief of the tribe because_____.
A.he dld not want to be like his father
B.he wanted to go to university
C.he did not want to be a leader of the tribe that was under opression
D.he wanted to become the president of South Africa
58.In Para.2, the word” apartheid" refer to the policies.
A.racial discrimination
B.immigration
C.economic
D.population growth
59.Mandela had great interest in the following music forms EXCEPT______
A.European classical music
B.African choral music.
C.American popular music
D.South American talents' music.
60.How long did Mandela stay in jail？
A.25years
B.27years
C.30 years
D.23 years.
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