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Every place is different. That is 【21】______ makes geography so interesting. It 【22】______ us to new places, to different ways of living 【23】______ the land, to new ways of thinking about the 【24】______ . Indeed, it shows us new ways of thinking about ourselves 【25】______ our environment. Like travel, it is 【26】______ . It gives us new experiences and 【27】______ our understanding.
In comparing the study of geography to travel, 【28】______ should also note the importance of maps. Like the vacationing-motorist, geographers feel much more 【29】______ with a good map. Maps are 【30】______ the most important tools of the 【31】______ trade. The ability to read and use maps is a 【32】______ skill that you will 【33】______ for driving, reading the newspaper, and doing many 【34】______
The study of geography will help you to improve your map reading skills. 【35】______ that is only the beginning. The real value of geography is 【36】______ it will give you a special way of 【37】______ at the world.
A geographical outlook can help you understand 【38】______ , your neighbors and the world. It can make you sensitive 【39】______ your environment and excited enough to really are. People with knowledge and concern can 【40】______ our world better to live in.
【21】
A．that
B．which
C．what
D．all
Task 1
Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 through 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should make the correct choice.
Teaching is supposed to be an activity requiring long and complicated training as well as official certification (资格证书). The student's role is one of receiving information; the teacher's role is one of sending it. There is a clear distinction assumed between one who is supposed to know (and therefore not capable of being wrong) and another, usually younger person, who is supposed not to know.
However, teaching need not be the province of a special group of people nor need it be looked upon as a technical skill. Teaching can be more like guiding and assisting than forcing information into a supposedly (想象上，按照推测) empty head. If you have a certain skill you should be able to share it with someone. You do not have to get certified to convey what you know to someone else or to help them in their attempt to teach themselves. All of us, from the very youngest children to the oldest members of our cultures should come to realize our own potential as teachers. We can share what we know, however little it might be, with someone who has the need of that knowledge or skill.
The act of teaching is regarded as ______.
A．a job carried out by well-trained people
B．a technical skill
C．a complicated activity
D．an official certification
将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。
There is a clear distinction between one who is supposed to know and another, usually a younger person who is supposed not to know. However, teaching is not necessarily the area of a special group of people, nor should it be looked upon as a technical skill.
Teaching can be more like guiding and assisting than forcing information into a blank mind. If you have a certain skill, you should be able to share it with others. You do not have to get a certificate to convey what you know to them or to help them in their attempt to teach themselves.
All of us, from the very youngest children to the oldest members of our society, should come to realize our own talent and abilities as teachers. We can share what we know, however little it might be, with others who have need of that knowledge or skill.
听力原文： Teaching is supposed to be a professional activity requiring long and complicated training. The act of teaching is looked upon as a flow of knowledge from a higher source to an empty container. The student's role is one of receiving information; the teacher's role is one of sending it. However, teaching need not be the province of a special group of people nor need it be looked upon as a technical skill. Teaching can be more like guiding and helping than forcing information into a supposedly empty head. If you have a certain skill you should be able to share it with someone. All of us, from the very youngest children to the oldest members of our cultures, should come to realize our own potential as teachers. We can share what we know, however little it might be, with someone who has need of that knowledge or skill.
(26)
A．A professional activity.
B．Something special.
C．A technical skill.
D．Information.
It is easiest to see this【3】the craftsman who lovingly shapes some cheap material into an object that may be either useful or beautiful or【4】. You can see the carpenter or bricklayer stand aside and【5】the product of his personal skill. But even【6】there is no obvious end product that is【7】attributable to one person's skill, researchers have found that employees find pride in accomplishment. Our own research in hospitals suggests that【8】the housekeeping and laundry staffs take pride in the【9】that in their own ways they are helping to cure sick people--and thus accomplishing a good deal.
We're often misled by the complaints【10】difficult work; deep【11】most people regard their own capacity to conquer the tough job as the mark of their own unique【12】Complaining is just【13】of working. After all, how【14】do you know who you are, except as you can demonstrate the ability of your【15】to control you limbs and hands and words？ You are,【16】significant measure, what you can do.
Some are deceived into thinking that people like to store up【17】, to rest and save【18】as much as possible. Just the【19】. It is energy【20】that is satisfying.
(1)
A．one thing
B．something
C．work
D．a job
Select the statement that best expresses the main idea of the paragraph.
A．Every person has the potential to be a teacher.
B．It is not difficult to be a good teacher.
C．Teaching is a professional activity requiring special training.
D．Teaching is the flow of knowledge from a higher source to an empty containers.
Advertising has been among England' s biggest growth industries since the war, in terms of the ratio of money earnings to demonstrable achievement. Why all the fantastic expenditure？
Perhaps the answer is that advertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer. At the stage of designing and developing a product, there is quite enough to think about without worrying over whether anybody will want to buy it. The designer is busy enough without adding customer-appeal to all his other problems of man-hours and machine tolerances and stress factors. So they just go ahead and make the thing and leave it to the advertiser to find eleven ways of making it appeal to purchasers after they have finished it, by pretending that it confers status, or attracts love, or signifies manliness. If the advertising agency can do this authoritatively enough, the manufacturer is in clover.
Other manufacturers find advertising saves them from changing their product. And manufacturers hate change. The ideal product is one which goes on unchanged for ever. If, therefore, for one reason or another, some alternation seems called for as to how much better to change the image, the packet or the pitch made by the product, rather than go to all the inconvenience of changing the product itself.
The advertising man has to combine the qualities of the three most authoritative professions: Church, Bar, and Medicine. The great skill required of our priests, most highly developed in missionaries but present, in all, is the skill of getting people to believe in and contribute money t6 something which can never be logically proved. At the Bar, an essential ability is that of presenting the most persuasive case you can to a jury of ordinary people, with emotional appeals masquerading as logical exposition; a case you do not necessarily have to believe in yourself, just one you have studiously avoided discovering to be false. As for Medicine, any doctor will confirm that a large part of his job is not clinical treatment but faith healing. His apparently scientific approach enables his patients to believe that he knows exactly what is wrong with them and exactly what they need to put them right, just as advertising does--" Run down？ You need..." "No one will dance with you？ A little of... will make you popular".
Advertising men use statistics rather like a drunk uses a lamppost--for support rather than illumination. They will dress anyone up in a white coat to appear like an unimpeachable authority, or, failing that, they will even by happy with the announcement. "As used by 90% of the actors who play doctors on television." Their engaging quality is that they enjoy having their latest tricks uncovered almost as much as anyone else.
According to the passage, modern advertising is "authoritative" because of the way it ______.
A．influences our image of the kind of person we ought to be like
B．interferes with the privacy of home life
C．continually forces us into buying things
D．distracts us no matter where we are
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Learning is an essential process for living things to acquire necessary skills and behaviors. Scientists have al ready found that there is a critical period for learning in man and animals. Once the right time for learning a skill or a certain behaviors has passed, this skill or behavior. can never be properly learned.
That we speak our own language perfectly and the languages we learn later imperfectly also depends on learning this skill at the right time. The brain develops in such a way that it is ready to learn to speak between the ages of about ten months and ten years. Languages learned later are not spoken perfectly. The ability to speak a language is a mixed motor and sensory skill. It is necessary to hear all the sounds, the subtle differences between similar but not identical sounds, the rhythm and tone of the language. One has also to work tongue, throat, and lips to control breathing. All this has to be managed at one and the same time. From some time after birth until the age of six or seven, normal children all learn this perfectly; and without much difficulty they can learn two or even three languages at the same time, without confusing one with the other. But later, most of us cannot acquire this skill. We may learn to write and read the new language perfectly; but to acquire the right accent and the ability to speak so that no one can detect that the language is not our mother tongue hardly ever occurs.
But those of us who still want to learn foreign languages after these early milestones have been passed need not worry, for though we may not learn to speak a new language like the natives, we know from thousands of examples that we can go on learning languages beyond the age of eighty. There are so many activities adding up to the simple word" learning" that although some of the processes become less efficient with ageing of the brain, our actual experience of learning helps us in learning new materials.
Normal social and emotional development probably also needs the correct stimulating at the right time. We can observe evidence of this in those rare cases of children who have been completely neglected from birth. Sometimes illegitimate children in the country are put away in barns to conceal their existence from the neighbors. They are taught nothing, not even to be house-trained or to speak. These children then grow up mentally defective. Even if they are found and rescued by the age of four or five, it is too late; though they can be taught a lot, their speech is always inadequate and their brains never reach the standards of their brothers or sisters.
What can we learn from the first paragraph about the critical period？
A．It is a point at which the process of learning ends.
B．It is a phase which is crucial to the acquisition of a certain ability.
C．It is a phase after which we do not need to acquire a certain ability.
D．Mans and animals have a similar critical period for a certain ability.
Advertising has been among England's biggest growth industries since the war, in terms of the ratio of money earnings to demonstrable achievement. Why all this fantastic expenditure？
Perhaps the answer is that advertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer. At the stage of designing and developing a product, there is quite enough to think about without worrying over whether anybody will want to buy it. The designer is busy enough without adding customer appeal to all his other problems of man-hours and machine tolerances and stress factors. So they just go a head and make the thing and leave it to the advertiser to find eleven ways of making it appeal to purchasers after they have finished it, by pretending that it confers status, or attracts love, or signifies manliness. If the advertising agency can do this authoritatively enough, the manufacturer is in clover.
Other manufacturers find advertising saves them changing their product. And manufacturers have change. The ideal product is one which goes on unchanged for ever. If, therefore, for one reason or another, some alteration seems called for—how much better to change the image, the packet or the pitch made by the product, rather than go to all the inconvenience of changing the product itself.
The advertising man has to combine the qualities of the three most authoritative professions: Church, Bar, and Medicine. The great skill required of our priests, most highly developed in missionaries but present, indeed mandatory, in all, is the skill of getting people to believe in and contribute money to something which can never be logically proved. At the Bar, an essential ability is that of presenting the most persuasive case you can to a jury of ordinary people, with emotional appeals masquerading as logical exposition; a case you do not necessarily have to believe in yourself, just one you have studiously avoided discovering to be false. As for Medicine, any doctor will confirm that a large part of his job is not clinical treatment but faith healing. His apparently scientific approach enables his patients to believe that he knows exactly what is wrong with them and exactly what they need to put them right, just as advertising does—"Run down？ You need..." "No one will dance with you？ A dab-win make you popular."
Advertising men use statistics rather like a drank uses a lamp-post—for support rather than illumination. They will dress anyone up in a white coat to appear like an unimpeachable authority or, failing that, they will even be happy with the announcement, "As used by 90% of the actors who play doctors on television." Their engaging quality is that they enjoy having their latest roses uncovered almost as much as anyone else.
According to the passage, modem advertising is "authoritative" because of the way it ______.
A．influences our image of the kind of person we ought to be like
B．interferes with the privacy of home life
C．continually forces us into buying things
D．distracts us no matter where we travel
Much of the mystery is buried deep in the nitty-gritty of technique. The impact of color, the very nature of color, is experienced in relation to other colors and also in relation to a medium. A certain red pigment, for example, will make an utterly different impression if it is presented in a water-based or oil-based medium, in a scumbled or impastoed fashion, as a mark left by a stick of pastel, as ink printed from an etching plate or a woodblock. And all of this still leaves aside the emotional or poetic or psychological ramifications of colors -- the question of what this red or that blue suggests or does not suggest, and to whom, and under what conditions. Color, which most of us begin life by regarding as one of the verities, red-yellow-blue being as fundamental as the ABCs, can eventually seem to be an experience of the most radical subjectivity. Artists aim to give that coloristic subjectivity a power that is both immediate and enduring.
A walk through New York's galleries will tell you that there are a vast number of ways in which color can be presented to the public. A look through the impressive literature on the development of color in art, which has been growing rapidly in the past decade, will tell you that history prepares us for this situation. Painters who want to pull emotional nuances out of subtly mixed colors will be said by some to be nostalgic for the tonal modulations of another age. Although we may be inclined to think of "modem" color as abstract color -- as color that is detached from representation -- it can be argued that abstract color is at least as old as naturalistic color, embracing both the heraldic imagery of the Middle Ages and the polychrome architecture of ancient times.
Nowadays color, which reaches us in so many kinds of keyed-up, eye-popping technologically generated forms, can seem more a matter of "culture" than of "nature." The zingy, cheerfully artificial color that Jeremy Blake uses to considerable effect in the kinetic flood of images that fill his DVD projections is selfevidently computer-based. There are also many painters who, while working with brush and canvas, like to mirror the riot of contemporary color. Trevor Winkfield, who showed new paintings this winter, will strike some gallerygoers as an artist who never met a color he didn't like.
We learn in the first paragraph that ______.
A．the few basic colors are more important than any mixed color
B．mixing colors can be very difficult
C．colors have very strong expressive powers
D．a single color is more mysterious than colors in combination
A、When we read something to get the general idea.
B、When we reread something to refresh our memory.
C、When we flip through a newspaper or magazine.
D、When we look for useful materials in a pile of documents.
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