How Geniuses Work_简答题试题答案

第1题

Geniuses took at problems in many different ways. Genius often comes from finding a new pe

rspective that no one else has taken, Leonardo da Vinci believed that, to gain knowledge about the form. of a problem, you begin by learning how to restructure it in many different ways. He felt that the first way he looked at a problem was too biased toward his usual way of seeing things. He would restructure his problem by looking at it from one perspective and move to another perspective and still another. With each move, his understanding would deepen and he would begin to understand the essence of the problem.

Geniuses make their thought Visible. The explosion of creativity in the Renaissance was intimately tied to the recording and conveying of vast knowledge in drawings, graphs, and diagrams, as in the renowned diagrams of da Vinci and Galileo. Galileo revolutionized science by making his thought graphically visible while his contemporaries used only conventional mathematical and verbal approaches.

Geniuses produce. A distinguishing characteristic of genius is immense productivity. Thomas Edison held 1,093 patents, still the record. He guaranteed productivity by giving himself and his assistants idea quotas. His own personal quota was one minor invention every 10 days and a major invention every six months. Bach wrote a cantata every we&, even when he was sick or exhausted. Mozart produced more than 600 pieces of music. Einstein is best known for his paper on relativity, but he published 248 other papers. T.S. Eliot's numerous drafts of The Waste Land constitute a jumble of good and bad passages that eventually was turned into a masterpiece.

Geniuses make novel combinations. Like the highly playful child with a bucket of building blocks, a genius is constantly combining and recombining ideas, images, and thoughts into different combinations in their conscious and subconscious minds. Consider Einstein's equation, E=mc2. Einstein did not invent the concepts of energy, mass, or speed of light. Rather, by combining these concepts in a novel way, he was able to look at the same world as everyone else and see something different.

In order to understand a problem thoroughly, da Vinci ______.

A．referred to numerous books

B．made use of drawings and graphs

C．compared it with many other problems

D．approached it from different angles

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第2题

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning)Directions: In this part, you will hav

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For question 1--7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8--10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Geniuses

In 1905, Albert Einstein developed the theory of special relativity. He also proved that atoms exist and figured out that light behaves as both a particle and a wave. To top it all off, he developed his famous equation E=mcc, which describes the relationship between matter and energy, the same year. He was only 26 years old.

Without a doubt, Einstein was a genius. So was Isaac Newton-as any fan of "Star Trek". The Next Generation can say he invented physics. He also played a big role in the development of calculus, which some people have trouble comprehending even after extensive classroom study. Another genius, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, started composing music when he was 5 years old. Mozart wrote hundreds of pieces before his death in 1760 at age 35.

According to conventional wisdom, geniuses are different from everyone else. They can think faster and better than other people, In addition, many people think that all that extra brainpower leads to eccentric or quirky behavior. And although geniuses are fairly easy to spot, defining exactly what makes one person a genius is a little trickier. Figuring out how that person became a genius is harder still.

There are two big things that make it difficult to study genius:

The genius label is subjective. Some people insist that anyone with an intelligence quotient (IQ) higher than a certain value is a genius. Others feel that IQ tests measure only a limited part of a person's total intelligence. Some believe high test scores have little to do with real genius.

Genius is a big-picture concept. Most scientific and medical inquiries, on the other band, examine de tails. A concept as subjective as genius isn't easy to quantify, analyze or study.

So, when exploring how geniuses work, it's a good idea to start by defining precisely what a genius is. For the purpose of this article, a genius isn't simply someone with an exceptionally high IQ. Instead, a genius is an extraordinarily intelligent person who breaks new ground with discoveries, inventions or works of art. Usually, a genius' work changes the way people view the world or the field in which the work took place. In other words, a genius must be both intelligent and able to use that intelligence in a productive or impressive way.

Genius and the Brain

The brain regulates the body's organ systems. When a person moves around, it sends impulses along the nerves and tells the muscles what to do. The brain controls the senses of smell, taste, touch, sight and hearing, and the person experiences and processes emotions using his brain, On top of all that, the brain allows people to think, analyze information and solve problems. But how does it make someone smart？

Scientists haven't figured out exactly how all the gray matter in the brain works, but they do have an idea of which part lets people think. The cerebral cortex (大脑皮层), which is the outermost part of the brain, is where thought and reasoning happen. These are the brain's higher function-- the lower functions, which relate to basic survival, take place deeper in the brain.

The cerebral cortex is the largest part of the brain, and it's full of wrinkles and folds that allow it to fit in the skull. If an adult human's cerebral cortex is removed and stretched out, it would be about as large as a few pages of a newspaper. It's divided into s

A．Albert Einstein.

B．Star Trek.

C．Wolfgang Mozart.

D．Isaac Newton.

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第3题

Geniuses and Better Parenting It is a popular myth that great geniuses—the Einsteins, Picassos and

Geniuses and Better Parenting

It is a popular myth that great geniuses—the Einsteins, Picassos and Mozarts of this world—spring up out of nowhere as if touched by the finger of God. The model is Karl Friedrich Gauss, supposedly born into a family of manual workers, who grew up to become the father of modern mathematics.

A professor who studies early learning has attacked this myth, saying that when he looked into Gauss' childhood, he found that Gauss' mother had been teaching him numbers at the age of two. His father had supervised manual workers, not been one, and played calculation games with him. Furthermore, Gauss had an educated uncle who taught him sophisticated math at an early age.

It is the same story with other geniuses. Einstein's father was an electrical engineer who fascinated his son with practical displays of physics. Picasso's father was an art teacher who had young Pablo painting bowls of fruit at the age of eight. Mozart's father was a musician employed at a noble's court who was teaching his son to sing and play almost before he could walk. "In every case, when you look into the backgrounds of great people, there is this pattern of very early stimulation by a parent or teacher figure," the professor says.

But what sort of parental stimulation should it be？ There is plenty of evidence that, too often, pressure from parents results in children suffering fatigue rather than becoming geniuses. One study has identified two kinds of parenting styles—the supportive and the stimulating.

Supportive parents were those who would go out of their way to help their children follow their favorite interests and praised whatever level of achievement resulted. Generally, such parents created a pleasant home governed by clear rules. Stimulating parents were more actively involved in what their children did, steering them toward certain fields and pushing them to work hard, often acting as a tutor.

The study followed four groups of children: one with supportive parents, one with stimulating parents, one whose parents combined both qualities and a final group whose parents offered neither. The children were given electronic devices; when these made a sound, they had to make a note of what they were doing and assess how happy and alert they felt.

The not too surprising result was that the children whose parents were simply supportive were happier than average but were not particularly intense in their concentration when studying or working on something. The children who fared best were those whose parents were both supportive and stimulating. These children showed a reasonable level of happiness and were very alert during periods of study.

Children whose parents were stimulating without being supportive were candidates for fatigue. These children did work long hours, but their alertness and happiness during study time was far below that of children in more balanced family environments.

Another crucial factor is the need for parents to have proper conversations with their children. Through having the chance to talk with adults, children pick up not only language skills but also adult habits and styles of thought. One reason why prodigies such as Picasso and Einstein had a head start in life was that they had parents who demonstrated how to think about subjects like art or physics at a very early age.

A survey in Holland showed that a typical father spent just 11 seconds a day in conversation with his children. A more recent study in America produced a somewhat better result, but the fathers in question were still talking to their children for less than a minute a day.

It is not just the time spent that counts, but also the way in which a parent talks. A parent who only gives a brief reply to a child's questions or gives dull answers will be passing on a negative, narrow-minded style of thinking. On the other hand, parents happy to take a child step by step through an argument, encouraging him or her to explore ideas, will cultivate an open and creative thinking style.

One researcher is attempting to show this experimentally with a study in which groups of parents are taught how to have beneficial conversations with their small children. He says these children have an advantage over their peer group in language ability, intellectual ability, and even social leadership skills. While the study is not yet complete, the children appear to have been given a long-term advantage.

So what is the outlook for parents who do everything right, those who manage to be both supportive and stimulating, who are good at demonstrating thinking skills to their children and successful at cultivating a self-motivated approach to learning？ Would such parents be guaranteed to have a genius as their child？

There is general agreement that genuine biological differences exist between individuals; geniuses need to be lucky in both their genes and their parents. The most significant implication would seem to be that while most people are in a good position to fulfill their biological potential—barring serious illnesses or a poor diet during childhood—it is far from certain that they will grow up in an environment where that capacity will be developed.

So although knowing more about the biology of genius is all very interesting, it is research into better parenting and educational techniques that will have lasting significance.

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第4题

What is the author's attitude toward the geniuses？A．appreciativeB．sympatheticC．indifferent

What is the author's attitude toward the geniuses？

A．appreciative

B．sympathetic

C．indifferent

D．admiring

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第5题

Most of ______ geniuses are successful only because they have made extraordinary effo

A.what do we call

B.what we call

C.we call it

D.we call what

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第6题

In the last paragraph, the author mentions the playful child in order to show ______.A．tha

In the last paragraph, the author mentions the playful child in order to show ______.

A．that geniuses are fond of playing games, too

B．that geniuses are as creative as most children with a set of interesting toys

C．how geniuses turn ideas into reality in different ways

D．why making different combinations can work wonders

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第7题

The creativity of geniuses is not necessarily related to a young age, but more related to

their ______ .

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第8题

By the statement that "genius is far too independent of convention to abuse it" the author

implies that ______.

A．an artist does not understand conventional morality

B．Philistines expect geniuses to be morally conventional

C．Beethoven lived within a conventional moral code

D．Don Giovanni abuses conventional standards

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第9题

Why some self taught geniuses often make new discoveries in unexpected ways？A．Because thei

Why some self taught geniuses often make new discoveries in unexpected ways？

A．Because their ideas are quite strange.

B．Because they do not usually operate in isolation.

C．Because they lack formal training.

D．Because they often analyze the work of other great minds.

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第10题

8:30PMOutlookOutlook is back with a new series of reports to keep you up date with all tha

8:30PM

Outlook

Outlook is back with a new series of reports to keep you up date with all that' s new in the world of entertainment. Stories go all the way from the technical to the romantic, from stage to screen. There will be reports of the stars of the moment, the stars of the future and the stars of the past. The director with his new film, the designer with the latest fashion, and the musician with the popular song are part of the new Outlook. The program is introduced by Fran Levine.

9: 00PM

Discovery

When a 10-year-old boy gets a first-class degree in mathematics or an 8-year-old plays chess like a future grand master, they are considered as geniuses. Where does the quality of geniuses Come from？ Is it all in the genes or can any child be turned into a genius？ And if parents do have a child who might become a genius in the future, what should they do？ In this 30-minute film, Barry Johnson, the professor at School of Medicine, New York University will help you discover the answer.

10: 00PM

Science/Health

Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs？ The answer is "yes", according to the researchers at Johns Hopking and three other medical centres. After a study of 800 persons with high blood pressure, they found that after 6 months those devoted to weight loss--exercise and eating a low-salt, low-fat food--lost about 13 pounds and became fitter. Plus, 35% of them dropped into the "normal" category(范畴). This week, Dr. Alan Duckworth will tell you how these people reduce their blood pressure to a level similar to what' s achieved with Hypertension drugs;

The main purpose of writing these three texts is ______.

A．to invite people to see films

B．to invite people to topic discussions

C．to attract more students to attend lectures

D．to attract more people to watch TV programs

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How Geniuses WorkWithout a doubt, Einstein was a genius. So was Isaac Newton, who invented