相对工资（relative wage)

元。 a．写出可贸易类和不可贸易类商品的生产可能性边界的表达式； b．画出PPF线； c．确定相对价格(PT／PN)； d．确定PPF的斜率； e．可贸易商品与不可贸易商品各自的价格。 Suppose that QT=3 and aN=2 and that the total amount 0f labor available is 120，000 man hours per year．Only labor is used in production，and the wage rate is$10 per hour． a．Write the equation of the production possibility frontier between tradables and nontradables． b．Draw the PPF in a graph． c．Determine the relative price(PT／PN)． d．Determine the slope of the PPF． e．Whist is the price of tradables and that of nontradables？

A、it is not possible that producers in each will find export markets profitable.

B、it is not possible that consumers in both countries will enhance their respective welfares through imports.

C、it is not possible that both countries will find gains from trade.

D、it is possible that both will enjoy the conventional gains from trade.

A、increasing available consumption choices.

B、reducing the relative price of the exported good.

C、increasing the wage rate.

D、increasing the real income of all resource owners.

农民和理发师。

a．在过去一个世纪中，由于技术进步，农民的生产率大幅度提高。根据新古典分配理论，他们的实际工资会发生什么变动？

b．在(a)中所讨论的实际工资是用什么单位来衡量的？

c．在同一时期中，理发师的生产率没有改变。他们的实际工资会发生什么变动？

d．在(c)中所讨论的实际工资是用什么单位来衡量的？

e．假设工人可以在当农民和当理发师之间自由流动。这种流动性对农民和理发师的工资意味着什么呢？

f．你前面的回答对相对于食物物价的理发物价意味着什么呢？

g．谁从农业技术进步中受益——是农民呢，还是理发师？

According to the neoclassical theory of distribution, the real wage earned by any worker equals that worker's marginal productivity. Let's use this insight to examine the incomes of two groups of workers: farmers and barbers.

a．Over the past century, the productivity of farmers has risen substantially because of technological progress. According to the neoclassical theory, what should have happened to their real wage？

b．In what units is the real wage discussed in part (a) measured？

c．Over the same period, the productivity of barbers has remained constant. What should have happened to their real wage？

d．In what units is the real wage in part (c) measured？

e．Suppose workers can move freely between being farmers and being barbers. What does this mobility imply for the wages of farmers and barbers？

f．What do your previous answers imply for the price of haircuts relative to the price of food？

g．Who benefits from technological progress in farming-farmers or barbers？

A、the relative wage ratio will determine the pattern of trade (which good is exported by which country).

B、which country will export which product is determined entirely by labor productivity data.

C、full specialization is likely to hold in equilibrium.

D、none of the goods are potentially nontraded.

An economy can produce good 1 using labor and capital and good 2 using labor and land. The total supply of labor is 100 units. Given the supply of capital, the outputs of the two goods depend on labor input as follows:The marginal product of labor curves corresponding to the production functions are as follows:a. Suppose that the price of good 2 relative to that of good 1 is 2. Determine graphically the wage rate and the allocation of labor between the two sectors. b. Using the graph drawn, determine the output of each sector. Then confirm graphically that the slope of the production possibility frontier at that point equals the relative price. c. Find the effects of the price change from 2 to 1.3 on the income of the specific factors in sectors 1 and 2.

工资刚性(wage rigidity)

工资差别论(wage differentials argument)

粘性工资(sticky wage)